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Title: Die EU-Vorschriften zur Geschlechtergleichstellung : Wie wurden diese in nationales Recht umgesetzt? ; Stand 2010 |
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Title (other): EU Rules on Gender Equality : How are they transposed into national law? ; Update 2010 | Égalité des genres : les règles de l'UE et leur transposition en droit national ; Mise à jour 2010 |
Table of Contents 1. Einleitung 2. Zentrale Begriffe des Geschlechtergleichstellungsrechts der EU 2.1. Das Problem des Vergleichs 2.2. Verbot von Diskriminierung 2.3. Mittelbare Diskriminierung 2.4. Positive Maßnahmen 2.5. Belästigung 3. Zugang zur Beschäftigung und Arbeitsbedingungen 3.1. Ausnahmen 3.2. Noch einmal: positive Maßnahmen 3.3. Schwangerschaft und Mutterschaft: eine Ausnahme? 4. Schwangerschafts- und Mutterschutz; Elternurlaub 4.1. Schwangerschaft und Mutterschaft 4.2. Elternurlaub 5. Gleiches Entgelt 5.1. Was ist Entgelt und was ist gleichwertig? 5.2. Die Rolle der Kollektivvereinbarungen und der Arbeitgeber 5.3. Durchsetzung von gleichem Entgelt 6. Betriebliche Rentensysteme 6.1. Unsicherheit bezüglich des Charakters der nationalen Systeme 6.2. Versicherungsmathematische Faktoren 7. Gesetzliche Systeme der sozialen Sicherheit 7.1. Familien- und Hinterbliebenenleistungen 7.2. Sozialhilfe 7.3. Ausnahmen vom Gleichbehandlungsgrundsatz: Betreuungszeiten 7.4. Ausnahmen vom Grundsatz der Gleichbehandlung: Unterschiede im Rentenalter 8. Selbständig Erwerbstätige und mitarbeitende Ehepartner 8.1. Schwangerschafts-, Mutterschafts- und Elternrechte 8.2. Beruflicher Status von mitarbeitenden Ehepartnern 9. Güter und Dienstleistungen 9.1. Schwangerschaft, Mutterschaft und Elternschaft 9.2. Positive Maßnahmen 9.3. Ausnahmen vom Grundsatz der Gleichbehandlung 10. Durchsetzung und Einhaltung 10.1. Gerichtsverfahren 10.2. Rechtsmittel und Sanktionen 10.3. Viktimisierung 10.4. Beweislast 10.5. Gleichbehandlungsstellen 10.6. Die Rolle der Sozialpartner 11. Schlussfolgerung: Recht in der Theorie und Recht in der Praxis Anhang I Richtlinien Anhang II Kontaktdaten der nationalen Gleichbehandlungsstellen Anhang III Mitglieder des Europäischen Netzwerks von Rechtsexpertinnen und Rechtsexperten auf dem Gebiet der Gleichstellung von Frauen und Männern |
Author: Prechal, Sacha ; 133178439 | Burri, Susanne |
Contributer: Europäisches Netzwerk von Rechtsexpertinnen und Rechtsexperten auf dem Gebiet der Gleichstellung von Frauen und Männern |
Publisher: Europäische Kommission / Generaldirektion Justiz |
Year: 2010 |
Language: en | de | fr |
Ressource: Einzelne Berichte, Studien |
Keyword: provision for old ageemploymentparentsEUsalaryaffirmative actionlaw |
Subject: European Community law in generalBenefit plans. PensionsEqual opportunitiesWages. Wage incentives |
Countries Scheme: Europe. General Resources |
Online Ressource: vorübergehend nicht erreichbar! |
Bitte beachten Sie die urheberrechtlichen Bedingungen der Dokumentenbenutzung / Please observe the copyright when accessing the document | Quelle / Source: Europäische Kommission (http://ec.europa.eu/) |
Title: Die EU-Vorschriften zur Geschlechtergleichstellung : Wie wurden diese in nationales Recht umgesetzt? |
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Title (other): EU Rules on Gender Equality : How are they transposed into national law? | Égalité des genres : les règles de l'UE et leur transposition en droit national |
Table of Contents 1. Einleitung 2. Zentrale Begriffe des Geschlechtergleichstellungsrechts der EU 2.1. Das Problem des Vergleichs 2.2. Verbot von Diskriminierung 2.3. Mittelbare Diskriminierung 2.4. Positive Maßnahmen 2.5. Belästigung 3. Zugang zur Beschäftigung und Arbeitsbedingungen 3.1. Ausnahmen 3.2. Noch einmal: positive Maßnahmen 3.3. Schwangerschaft und Mutterschaft: eine Ausnahme? 4. Schwangerschafts- und Mutterschutz; Elternurlaub 4.1. Schwangerschaft und Mutterschaft 4.2. Elternurlaub 5. Gleiches Entgelt 5.1. Was ist Entgelt und was ist gleichwertig? 5.2. Die Rolle der Kollektivvereinbarungen und der Arbeitgeber 5.3. Durchsetzung von gleichem Entgelt 6. Betriebliche Rentensysteme 6.1. Unsicherheit bezüglich des Charakters der nationalen Systeme 6.2. Versicherungsmathematische Faktoren 7. Gesetzliche Systeme der sozialen Sicherheit 7.1. Familien- und Hinterbliebenenleistungen 7.2. Sozialhilfe 7.3. Ausnahmen vom Gleichbehandlungsgrundsatz: Betreuungszeiten 7.4. Ausnahmen vom Grundsatz der Gleichbehandlung: Unterschiede im Rentenalter 8. Selbständig Erwerbstätige und mitarbeitende Ehegatten 8.1. Schwangerschafts-, Mutterschafts- und Elternrechte 8.2. Beruflicher Status von mitarbeitenden Ehepartnern 9. Güter und Dienstleistungen 9.1. Schwangerschaft, Mutterschaft und Elternschaft 9.2. Positive Maßnahmen 9.3. Ausnahmen vom Grundsatz der Gleichbehandlung 10. Durchsetzung und Einhaltung 10.1. Gerichtliche Verfahren 10.2. Rechtsmittel und Sanktionen 10.3. Viktimisierung 10.4. Beweislast 10.5. Gleichstellungsstellen 10.6. Die Rolle der Sozialpartner 11. Abschließende Bemerkung: Recht in der Theorie und Recht in der Praxis Anhänge Anhang I Richtlinien Anhang II Kontaktdaten der nationalen Gleichstellungsstellen Anhang III Mitglieder des Europäischen Netzwerks von Rechtsexpertinnen und Rechtsexperten aufdem Gebiet der Gleichstellung von Frauen und Männern |
Author: Prechal, Sacha ; 133178439 | Burri, Susanne |
Contributer: Europäische Kommission / Generaldirektion Beschäftigung, Soziales und Chancengleichheit |
Publisher: Amt für Amtliche Veröffentlichungen |
Year: 2009 |
ISBN / ISSN / Kat.Nr: 978-92-79-12974-2 | KE-78-09-975-DE-C | 978-92-79-12975-9 | KE-78-09-975-EN-C | 978-92-79-12976-6 | KE-78-09-975-FR-C |
Language: en | de | fr |
Ressource: Einzelne Berichte, Studien |
Keyword: provision for old ageemploymentparentsEUsalaryaffirmative actionlaw |
Subject: European Community law in generalBenefit plans. PensionsEqual opportunitiesWages. Wage incentives |
Countries Scheme: Europe. General Resources |
Online Ressource: vorübergehend nicht erreichbar! |
Bitte beachten Sie die urheberrechtlichen Bedingungen der Dokumentenbenutzung / Please observe the copyright when accessing the document | Quelle / Source: Europäische Kommission (http://ec.europa.eu/) |
Title: Promoting uptake of parental and paternity leave among fathers in the European Union |
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Abstract The take-up rate of parental and paternity leave among fathers has been increasing in most Member States but it still remains relatively low. Covering all the EU Member States and Norway, this report looks at the most recent trends in terms of take-up of parental and paternity leave, existing provisions and factors influencing take-up rates. It also examines measures and initiatives recently implemented by national authorities, governments and social partners to promote the take-up of parental and paternity leave, particularly among fathers.[Author vide Copyright] |
Author: Cabrita, Jorge | Wohlgemuth, Felix |
Publisher: European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions |
Year: 2015 |
ISBN / ISSN / Kat.Nr: 978-92-897-1368-9 | TJ-01-15-084-EN-N | EF/15/08/EN |
Language: en |
Ressource: Einzelne Berichte, Studien |
Keyword: Working conditionsparentsleave for parents |
Subject: Working condititions. Work organization |
Countries Scheme: Europe. General Resources |
Online Ressource: vorübergehend nicht erreichbar! |
Bitte beachten Sie die urheberrechtlichen Bedingungen der Dokumentenbenutzung / Please observe the copyright when accessing the document | Quelle / Source: European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions (http://eurofound.europa.eu) |
Title: The Implementation of Parental Leave Directive 2010/18 in 33 European Countries |
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Abstract The purpose of this report is to provide information on and present an analysis of the implementation of Parental Leave Directive 2010/18 as well as possible weaknesses and lacunae in the existing acquis. The focus of this report will be on the way the various types of family leave and other measures intended to promote the reconciliation of professional and family life are addressed and combined at national level and the extent to which the national approach is in line with EU law. The topic of leaves aimed at facilitating the reconciliation of work, private and family life has been addressed in several reports of the European Commissions European Network of Legal Experts in the Field of Gender Equality (hereafter: Gender Network). In this report, the main focus is on the implementation of the changes made by Parental Leave Directive 2010/18 to the previous Directive on the subject (Directive 96/34/EC2), at national level. [Author vide copyright] |
Table of Contents Part I Executive Summary. Maria do Rosário Palma Ramalho 1. Purpose and scope of the Report 2. The legislative context in European Union Law 2.1. Primary and secondary legislation 2.2. Soft law and policies of the European Union as regards the reconciliation of professional and family life 2.3. Case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union 3. Summary of the findings 3.1. Context 3.2. Implementation of Directive 2010/18 3.3. Purpose and scope (Clause 1) 3.4. Parental leave (Clause 2) 3.5. Modalities of application (Clause 3) 3.6. Adoption (Clause 4) 3.7. Employment rights and non-discrimination (Clause 5) 3.8. Return to work (Clause 6) 3.9. Time off from work on grounds of force majeure (Clause 7) 3.10. Final provisions (Clause 8) 3.11. Sanctions (Article 2) 3.12. Case law 3.13. Practice and other relevant issues 4. Conclusions Part II National Law: Reports from the Experts of the Member States, EEA Countries, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia and Turkey Annex 1 Tables Annex 2 Questionnaire Annex 3 Bibliographie |
Author: Foubert, Petra ; 171567366 | Burri, Susanne ; 107410966X | Ramalho, Maria do Rosa?rio Palma ; 103418010X |
Contributer: Europäische Kommission / Generaldirektion Justiz und Verbraucher | European Network of Legal Experts in the Field of Gender Equality, Utrecht |
Publisher: Amt für Amtliche Veröffentlichungen, Luxemburg |
Year: unknown |
ISBN / ISSN / Kat.Nr: 978-92-79-45836-1 | DS-04-15-128-EN-N |
Language: en |
Ressource: Einzelne Berichte, Studien |
Keyword: flexibility of working hoursreduction in working hoursoccupationparentsleave for parentsEUfamilygender equality of rights |
Subject: European Community law in generalEqual opportunitiesEducational development and policyHours of work |
Countries Scheme: Europe. General ResourcesIcelandNorwayCroatia Republic of MacedoniaTurkey |
Online Ressource: vorübergehend nicht erreichbar! |
Bitte beachten Sie die urheberrechtlichen Bedingungen der Dokumentenbenutzung / Please observe the copyright when accessing the document | Quelle / Source: Europäische Kommission (http://ec.europa.eu/) |
Title: Study on the impact of marketing through social media, online games and mobile applications on children's behaviour : Final Report |
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Title (other): Study on the impact of marketing through social media, online games and mobile applications on children's behaviour : Executive Summary | The impact of online marketing on childrens behaviour : Factsheet (en) | The impact of online marketing on childrens behaviour |
Abstract The European Online Games, Social Media and Mobile Application sector has grown substantially in recent years and children are exposed to increasingly sophisticated marketing techniques online which are often outside the purview of existing regulatory frameworks. This study aims to provide a better understanding of online marketing to children and to inform effective policy measures for the protection of children as consumers. The study uses a range of information sources, including a systematic literature review, a review of legislation and regulatory framework at EU and Member State level, in-depth analysis of games, focus groups with parents and children, a survey with parents, and behavioural experiments on advergames and in-app purchases. The study finds that online marketing practices have an impact on children, and that children have difficulties recognizing marketing content, in activating defence mechanisms and in taking decisions. The analysis also shows that although parents play an important role in mediating their childrens online behaviour, parents are often not fully aware of the risks their children are exposed to in online environments. The study concludes with policy recommendations focussing on policies to address children as a particularly vulnerable consumer group.[Author vide copyright] |
Table of Contents 1 INTRODUCTION 2 SCOPE OF THE RESEARCH 2.1 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES 2.2 FOCUS 2.3 RESEARCH QUESTIONS 2.4 PHASES: RESEARCH PROCESS 2.5 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY 3 RESEARCH METHODS OF THE STUDY 3.1 SYSTEMATIC REVIEW 3.2 REVIEW OF LEGISLATION AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORK 3.3 IN-DEPTH ANALYSIS OF GAMES 3.3.1 Screening process 3.3.2 Selection 3.3.3 Indicators 3.3.4 Procedure 3.4 FOCUS GROUPS 3.4.1 Scope 3.4.2 Materials 3.4.3 Distribution of participants and screening criteria 3.5 PARENTS SURVEY 3.5.1 Questionnaire design 3.5.2 Target and sampling 3.5.3 Fieldwork process 3.6 EXPERIMENTS 3.6.1 Advergame experiment 3.6.2 In-app purchase experiment 4 MARKETING TECHNIQUES OVERVIEW 4.1 MAPPING OF MARKETING TECHNIQUES AND PROBLEMATIC PRACTICES 4.2 ONLINE GAMES AND PLATFORMS FEATURES 4.2.1 Advertisement features 4.2.2 Games features 4.2.3 User engagement 4.3 PROTECTIVE MEASURES 4.3.1 Overview 4.3.2 Protective measures in place in the online games analysed 4.3.3 Key platform user policies analysis 4.4 SUMMARY OF KEY RESULTS 5 CHILDRENS PERSPECTIVES AND EXPERIENCES 5.1 ADVERTISEMENT AND CHILDREN: GENERAL THEORIES 5.2 KEY DETERMINANTS OF CHILDRENS VULNERABILITY 5.2.1 Gender 5.2.2 Age 5.2.3 Socio-economic status 5.2.4 Internet use and peer pressure 5.3 IMPACT OF MARKETING ON CHILDREN 5.3.1 Impact on behaviour 5.3.2 Impact on perceptions and behavioural intentions 5.4 IMPACT OF ADVERTISEMENTS ON DRINKING BEHAVIOUR 5.5 CHILDRENS VIEWS (11 AND 12 YEARS OLD) 5.5.1 Online advertisement perception 5.5.2 Children's perceptions of the impact of online marketing on their own behaviour 5.5.3 Social media 5.5.4 Privacy 5.5.5 Advergames and drinking games 5.5.6 In-app purchase 5.6 ACTUAL INFLUENCE OF SOPHISTICATED MARKETING TECHNIQUES RESULTS FROM BEHAVIOURAL EXPERIMENTS 5.6.1 Advergame experiment 5.6.2 In-app purchase 5.7 SUMMARY OF KEY RESULTS | 6 PARENTS PERSPECTIVES AND THEIR REGULATORY STRATEGIES 6.1 PARENTS' REGULATION OF THEIR CHILDRENS ONLINE ACTIVITIES 6.2 WHAT ARE PARENTS CONCERNED ABOUT? 6.2.1 Parents' perceptions of risks 6.2.2 The relationship between perceived risk and likelihood of online hazards 6.2.3 Online games and advergames 6.2.4 In-app purchase 6.3 WHAT INFLUENCES PARENTAL CONCERNS? 6.3.1 Experience 6.3.2 Country differences in risk perception of online hazards 6.3.3 Children's age 6.3.4 Social status 6.3.5 Education 6.3.6 Parents' mediation style 6.4 PARENTS VIEW AS TO WHAT SHOULD BE DONE? AND WHO SHOULD DO IT? 6.4.1 Protective measures 6.4.2 Locus of responsibility 6.4.3 Protective measures related to advertising in online games 6.4.4 Protective measures related to in-app purchases 6.4.5 Protective measures and parents mediating style 6.5 FOCUS GROUP: PARENTS' OWN REGULATION OF THEIR CHILDREN'S ONLINE ACTIVATES 6.6 SUMMARY OF KEY RESULTS 7 MAPPING AND CLASSIFICATION OF POLICY INTERVENTIONS 7.1 BACKGROUND 7.2 REGULATORY FRAMEWORK 7.2.1 Directive 2011/83/EU on Consumer Rights (CRD) 7.2.2 Directive 2010/13/EU on Audiovisual Media Services (AVMSD) 7.2.3 Directive 2005/29/EC on Unfair Commercial Practices (UCPD) 7.2.4 Directive 95/46/EC on Data Protection (DPD) 7.2.5 Directive 2000/31/EC on Electronic Commerce (ECD) 7.3 SELF-REGULATORY INITIATIVES AT EU LEVEL 7.3.1 Self-Regulation in the EU Advertising Sector 7.3.2 The Responsible Marketing Pact 7.3.3 Media Smart 7.3.4 CEO Coalition to make better Internet for kids 7.3.5 Safer Social Networking Principles for the EU 7.3.6 The EU Pledge: Nutrition criteria 7.4 MEMBER STATES APPROACHES ALONG REGULATORY REGIMES 7.4.1 Balancing regulation and self-regulation in the area of advertising 7.4.2 Co-regulatory initiatives in the area of advertising 7.4.3 Self-regulatory initiatives in the area of advertising 7.5 SUMMARY OF KEY RESULTS 8 CONCLUSIONS | 8.1 PROBLEMATIC PRACTICES IN ONLINE GAMES 8.1.1 How problematic practices in online games can be identified 8.1.2 Marketing practices employed by the industry 8.1.3 Protective measures present in online games 8.2 IMPACT OF MARKETING ON CHILDREN AND THEIRBEHAVIOUR 8.2.1 The consumer behaviour of an average child 8.2.2 Impact of marketing on children's behaviour 8.2.3 Children's own perceptions of online marketing 8.3 PARENTS' RISK PERCEPTIONS AND REGULATORY STRATEGIES 8.3.1 Risk perception 8.3.2 Regulatory strategies 8.3.3 Parents' perceptions of what should be done 8.4 MAPPING OF POLICY INTERVENTIONS IN PLACE IN EU MEMBER STATES 9 POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS 9.1 MAKING MARKETING AND ADVERTISEMENTS MORE TRANSPARENT TO CONSUMERS AND ENHANCING PROTECTION OF CHILDREN 9.2 INTRODUCE PROTECTIVE MEASURES TARGETING CHILDREN DIRECTLY 9.3 NEED TO UPDATE THE REGULATORY FRAMEWORK 10 REFERENCES ANNEXES ANNEX 1 SYSTEMATIC REVIEW SELECTION PROCESS ANNEX 2 SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REFERENCES ANNEX 3 SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REFERENCES CLASSIFICATION ANNEX 4 REGULATION AND PROTECTIVE MEASURE STAKEHOLDERS ONLINE SURVEY ANNEX 5 SELECTION OF GAMES ANNEX 6 FOCUS GROUP SCREENINGCRITERIA AND GUIDELINES ANNEX 7 FOCUS GROUP STIMULI MATERIALS ANNEX 8 FOCUS GROUP PARENTS AND CHILDREN DISTRIBUTION ANNEX 9 PARENTS SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE ANNEX 10 PARENTS SURVEY TARGET, SAMPLING AND WEIGHTING ANNEX 11 PARENTS SURVEY FIELDWORK PROCESS ANNEX 12 IN-DEPTH ANALYSIS OF GAMES RESULTS ANNEX 13 PARENTS SURVEY DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS WHOLE SAMPLE Socio-demographic information Childrens Internet access, devices and usage Parents digital skills Parents perception of childrens digital skills Mediation of use and safety: active and restrictive Severity of risk and vulnerability Problematic practices online Self-efficacy Parents recognition of digital content ANNEX 14 PARENTS SURVEY DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS BY COUNTRY United Kingdom Spain | France Italy Netherlands Germany Poland Sweden |
Author (Corp. Body): London School of Economics and Political Science | Fundació per a la Universität Oberta de Catalunya | Block de ideas SL, Tech i |
Contributer: Europäische Kommission / Generaldirektion Justiz und Verbraucher |
Publisher: Europäische Kommission / Amt für Veröffentlichungen |
Year: 2016 |
ISBN / ISSN / Kat.Nr: 978-92-9200-707-2 | EB-02-16-118-EN-N | Contract n° EACH/FWC/ 2013 85 08 | 978-92-9200-707-2 | EB-02-16-118-EN-N |
Language: en |
Ressource: Einzelne Berichte, Studien |
Keyword: parentsEUchildprotection of children in publicmarketingmedia behavioronline mediaconsumer protection |
Subject: European Community law in generalMediaBuying and selling |
Countries Scheme: Germany. General ResourcesEurope. General ResourcesSwedenPolandItaly SpainFranceUnited KingdomNetherlands |
Online Ressource: vorübergehend nicht erreichbar! |
Bitte beachten Sie die urheberrechtlichen Bedingungen der Dokumentenbenutzung / Please observe the copyright when accessing the document | Quelle / Source: Europäische Kommission (http://ec.europa.eu/) |
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