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99 entries found on 5 pages. starting on record 1 ending on 20

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Title: Questions to be answered by a state-of-the-environment report
Title (other): The first list
Abstract
This document is the final report of a study undertaken by the EEA together with its Expert Group on Guidelines and the State of the Environment Reporting in 1999-2000. It lists questions of policy makers and the general public that could be used to set up a state of the environment report or an environmental indicator report. It should be seen as a 'living' document that can be amended in the future through new versions, and certainly not as a definitive and universal one.[Author vide copyright]
Series Title: Europäische Umweltagentur - Technical report ; 47
Author (Corp. Body): Europäische Umweltagentur | European Environment Agency
Year: 2000
Language: en
Ressource: Einzelne Berichte, Studien
Keyword: EUenvironmental researchenvironmental policy
Subject: European Communities. European UnionProtection of the environment
Countries Scheme: Europe. General Resources
Online Ressource: vorübergehend nicht erreichbar!
Bitte beachten Sie die urheberrechtlichen Bedingungen der Dokumentenbenutzung / Please observe the copyright when accessing the document | Quelle / Source: Europäische Umweltagentur (http://www.eea.eu.int/)
Title: Evaluation of the air quality model documentation system
Abstract
The Internet Air Quality Model Documentation System (MDS) has been developed by the ETC-AQ to provide information and guidance to users in selection of air pollution models for a specified application. After three years of operation, its functionality and utility is evaluated through a survey of its users. The report summarizes answers to a questionnaire from 41 respondents.[Author vide copyright]
Author: Moussiopoulos, Nicolas | Papalexiou, Sophia | Bassoukos, A.
Series Title: Europäische Umweltagentur - Technical report ; 48
Contributer: Europäische Umweltagentur
Year: 2000
Language: en
Ressource: Einzelne Berichte, Studien
Keyword: emissionEUair pollution controlenvironmental researchenvironmental policy
Subject: European Communities. European UnionEnvironmentPollution control. Environmental technology
Countries Scheme: Europe. General Resources
Online Ressource: vorübergehend nicht erreichbar!
Bitte beachten Sie die urheberrechtlichen Bedingungen der Dokumentenbenutzung / Please observe the copyright when accessing the document | Quelle / Source: Europäische Umweltagentur (http://www.eea.eu.int/)
Title: COPERT III Computer programme to calculate emissions from road transport
Title (other): Methodology and emission factors (Version 2.1)
Abstract
This report is the third update of the initial version for the CORINAIR 1985 emissions inventory (1989) and firstly updated in 1991 for the CORINAIR 1990 inventory (1993) and included in the Atmospheric Emission Inventory Guidebook (1996). The second update of the methodology (1997) was introduced in the software tool COPERT II (1997) and a further update of the Guidebook was prepared.[Author vide copyright]
Author: Ntziachristos, Leonidas | Samaras, Zissis
Series Title: Europäische Umweltagentur - Technical report ; 48
Contributer: Europäische Umweltagentur
Year: 2000
Language: en
Ressource: Einzelne Berichte, Studien
Keyword: data processing programemissionEUenvironmental researchenvironmental policy
Subject: European Communities. European UnionTransport economics. Transport policyPollution
Countries Scheme: Europe. General Resources
Online Ressource: vorübergehend nicht erreichbar!
Bitte beachten Sie die urheberrechtlichen Bedingungen der Dokumentenbenutzung / Please observe the copyright when accessing the document | Quelle / Source: Europäische Umweltagentur (http://www.eea.eu.int/)
Title: Annual European Community CLRTAP emission inventory 1980-1998
Title (other): Submission to the Executive Body of the UNECE Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution
Abstract
This study has collated available environmental expenditure data on the market for goods and services produced by eco-industries in both the EU-15 and the Candidate Countries, as the basis for describing the economic significance of the sector, including employment levels. Whilst there are gaps and inconsistencies in the available data sets, only limited estimation procedures are required to derive a detailed and rigorous basis for economic analysis. The study also provides insights into the export capabilities of EU Member States, particularly their relationship with the Candidate Countries. For the purposes of this study, eco-industries have been defined according to the definition contained in 'The Environmental Goods and Services Industry - Manual for Data Collection and Analysis' (OECD/Eurostat, 1999). This defines eco-industries as 'activities which produce goods and services to measure, prevent, limit, minimise or correct environmental damage to water, air and soil, as well as problems related to waste, noise and eco-systems. This includes cleaner technologies, products and services that reduce environmental risk and minimise pollution and resource use'.[Author vide copyright]
Author: Ritter, Manfred | Gugele, Bernd
Series Title: Europäische Umweltagentur - Technical report ; 52
Contributer: Europäische Umweltagentur
Year: 2000
Language: en
Ressource: Einzelne Berichte, Studien
Keyword: Environmental policyemissionEUenvironmental research
Subject: European Communities. European UnionPollution
Countries Scheme: Europe. General Resources
Online Ressource: vorübergehend nicht erreichbar!
Bitte beachten Sie die urheberrechtlichen Bedingungen der Dokumentenbenutzung / Please observe the copyright when accessing the document | Quelle / Source: Europäische Kommission (http://europa.eu.int/)
Title: Late lessons from early warnings
Title (other): the precautionary principle 1896?2000
Abstract
This report is about gathering information on the hazards raised by human economic activities and its use in taking action to protect better the environment and the health of the species and ecosystems that are dependent on it. The study aims to contribute to better and more accessible science-based information and more effective stakeholder participation in the governance of economic activity so as to help minimise environmental and health costs and maximise innovation.[Urheber s. copyright]
Author (Corp. Body): Europäische Umweltagentur | European Environment Agency
Publisher: Europäische Umweltagentur
Year: 2002
Language: en
Ressource: Einzelne Berichte, Studien
Keyword: EUriskrisk researchenvironmental researchenvironmental policy
Subject: European Communities. European UnionPollution
Countries Scheme: Europe. General Resources
Online Ressource: vorübergehend nicht erreichbar!
Bitte beachten Sie die urheberrechtlichen Bedingungen der Dokumentenbenutzung / Please observe the copyright when accessing the document | Quelle / Source: Europäische Umweltagentur (http://www.eea.eu.int/)
Title: Emissions of atmospheric pollutants in Europe, 1980-1996
Abstract
The report provides an analysis of trends of emissions of air pollutants and greenhouse gases (1980 to 1996) in Europe by total and by main polluting sectors (transport, industry, energy, agriculture). Emissions are compared to agreed international emission reduction targets and ceilings through a distance to target analysis.[Author vide copyright]
Author: Eggleston, Simon | Goodwin, Justin | Pulles, Tines | Visschedijk, Antoon | Bakker, J. | Ritter, Manfred | Koch, Dietmar | Pazdan, Wanda
Series Title: Europäische Umweltagentur - Topic report ; 2000,9
Contributer: Europäische Umweltagentur
Year: 2000
Language: en
Ressource: Einzelne Berichte, Studien
Keyword: emissionEUair pollution controlenvironmental researchenvironmental policy
Subject: European Communities. European UnionEnvironmentProtection of the environment
Countries Scheme: Europe. General Resources
Online Ressource: vorübergehend nicht erreichbar!
Bitte beachten Sie die urheberrechtlichen Bedingungen der Dokumentenbenutzung / Please observe the copyright when accessing the document | Quelle / Source: Europäische Umweltagentur (http://www.eea.eu.int/)
Title: L?environnement en Europe
Title (other): Deuxième évaluation
Abstract
Un rapport sur l'évolution de l'environnement paneuropéen faisant suite à "L'environnement de l'Europe: l'évaluation de Dobris" (1995), demandé par les ministres de l'Environnement de toute l'Europe afin de préparer la quatrième conférence des ministres à Aarhus, au Danemark, en juin 1998.[Author vide copyright]
Author (Corp. Body): Europäische Umweltagentur | European Environment Agency
Year: 2001
Language: fr
Ressource: Einzelne Berichte, Studien
Keyword: emissionEUair pollution controlenvironmental researchenvironmental policy
Subject: European Communities. European UnionProtection of the environment
Countries Scheme: Europe. General Resources
Online Ressource: vorübergehend nicht erreichbar!
Bitte beachten Sie die urheberrechtlichen Bedingungen der Dokumentenbenutzung / Please observe the copyright when accessing the document | Quelle / Source: Europäische Kommission (http://europa.eu.int/)
Title: Scenarios as tools for international environmental assessments
Title (other): Experts' corner report Prospects and Scenarios No 5
Abstract
Scenarios can be useful tools in international environmental assessments for evaluating future environmental problems, and this report is intended to contribute to improving scenario-building and analysis for decision-makers. It proposes a step-wise approach to scenario development and draws on some relevant scenario-building exercises, including recent activities of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and World Water Commission.[Author vide copyright]
Author: Ribeiro, Teresa
Series Title: Europäische Umweltagentur - Environmental issue report ; 24
Contributer: Centre for Environmental Systems ResearchUniversity of Kassel, Germany | Europäische Umweltagentur
Year: 2001
ISBN / ISSN / Kat.Nr: 92-9167-402-8
Language: en
Ressource: Einzelne Berichte, Studien
Keyword: EUscenarioenvironmental researchenvironmental policy
Subject: European Communities. European UnionProtection of the environment
Countries Scheme: Europe. General Resources
Online Ressource: vorübergehend nicht erreichbar!
Bitte beachten Sie die urheberrechtlichen Bedingungen der Dokumentenbenutzung / Please observe the copyright when accessing the document | Quelle / Source: Europäische Umweltagentur (http://www.eea.eu.int/)
Title: Business and the environment
Title (other): current trends and developments in corporate reporting and ranking
Abstract
This report is aimed at the business and financial sectors, which are beginning to develop strategies on integrating the environment into their activities, following the current legal and political moves to promote the 'integration' of environmental issues into economic activities. It provides an overview of these and other developments in corporate environmental reporting (CER), in corporate environmental performance indicators (EPIs), and in corporate environmental performance ranking tools (EPRTs), including the emergence of standards such as the global reporting initiative.[Author vide copyright]
Author: Gee, David
Series Title: Europäische Umweltagentur - Technical report ; 54
Contributer: Europäische Umweltagentur
Year: 2001
Language: en
Ressource: Einzelne Berichte, Studien
Keyword: EUbusiness reportbusiness policyenvironmental research
Subject: European Communities. European UnionEconomic policy and planning
Countries Scheme: Europe. General Resources
Online Ressource: vorübergehend nicht erreichbar!
Bitte beachten Sie die urheberrechtlichen Bedingungen der Dokumentenbenutzung / Please observe the copyright when accessing the document | Quelle / Source: Europäische Umweltagentur (http://www.eea.eu.int/)
Title: Total material requirement of the European Union
Abstract
Contains detailed outcomes of the Total Material Requirement (TMR) study reported on in Environmental signals 2000. It describes the methodology to calculate aggregated material flow indicators and presents a first application on the EU level. The study contains more complete timeseries than the Environmental signals 2000 chapter. Technical details are in Technical report no 56.[Stefan Bringezu and Helmut Schütz]
Series Title: Europäische Umweltagentur - Technical report ; 55
Author (Corp. Body): Europäische Umweltagentur | European Environment Agency
Contributer: Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Environment and Energy
Year: 2001
Language: en
Ressource: Einzelne Berichte, Studien
Keyword: EUenvironmental research
Subject: European Communities. European UnionProtection of the environment
Countries Scheme: Europe. General Resources
Online Ressource: vorübergehend nicht erreichbar!
Bitte beachten Sie die urheberrechtlichen Bedingungen der Dokumentenbenutzung / Please observe the copyright when accessing the document | Quelle / Source: Europäische Umweltagentur (http://www.eea.eu.int/)
Title: Workshop proceedings. Fourth EIONET workshop on Air quality management and assessment
Title (other): Nomikos Conference Centre, Santorini, 23-24 September 1999
Abstract
The fourth EIONET workshop on air quality management and assessment was held in Santorini 23-24 September 1999. This report deals with the discussions on the current European air quality issues and the work of the European Topic Centre on air quality (ETC/AQ) and its partners in the Phare Topic Link on air quality (PTL/AQ) with institutions and experts from European countries, the European Commission, and with collaborating international institutions.[Author vide copyright]
Author: Larssen, Steinar | Lazaridis, Mihalis
Series Title: Europäische Umweltagentur - Technical report ; 57
Contributer: Europäische Umweltagentur
Year: 2001
Language: en
Ressource: Einzelne Berichte, Studien
Keyword: emissionEUair pollution controlenvironmental researchenvironmental policy
Subject: European Communities. European UnionProtection of the environment
Countries Scheme: Europe. General Resources
Online Ressource: vorübergehend nicht erreichbar!
Bitte beachten Sie die urheberrechtlichen Bedingungen der Dokumentenbenutzung / Please observe the copyright when accessing the document | Quelle / Source: Europäische Umweltagentur (http://www.eea.eu.int/)
Title: Marinebase
Title (other): Database on aggregated data for the coastline of the Mediterranean, Atlantic, North Sea, Skagerrak, Kattegat and Baltic
Abstract
As a part of the work programme of the European Environment Agency (EEA), the Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA) has compiled a first version of a European marine database 'Marinebase'. This database on water quality parameters covers aggregated data related to eutrophication (nutrients, chlorophyll and oxygen in bottom water) and harmful substances (mainly metals in sediments and biota). [Author vide copyright]
Series Title: Europäische Umweltagentur - Technical report ; 58
Author (Corp. Body): Europäische Umweltagentur | European Environment Agency
Contributer: Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA)
Year: 2001
Language: en
Ressource: Einzelne Berichte, Studien
Keyword: EUenvironmental researchwater
Subject: European Communities. European UnionProtection of the environmentOceans. Seas
Countries Scheme: Europe. General Resources
Online Ressource: vorübergehend nicht erreichbar!
Bitte beachten Sie die urheberrechtlichen Bedingungen der Dokumentenbenutzung / Please observe the copyright when accessing the document | Quelle / Source: Europäische Umweltagentur (http://www.eea.eu.int/)
Title: Participatory integrated assessment methods
Title (other): An assessment of their usefulness to the European Environmental Agency
Abstract
This report gives a critical appraisal of participatory methods of Integrated Environmental Assessment (IEA) and evaluates the applicability of these methods to the EEA's work on IEAs. The report is a background document on using participatory integrated assessments in the context of preparations for the EEA's next report on the state of and outlook for the pan-European environment, scheduled for publication in 2004/2005.[Author vide copyright]
Table of Contents
.........59
Author: Vos, Hans
Series Title: Europäische Umweltagentur - Technical report ; 64
Contributer: Europäische Umweltagentur
Year: 2001
Language: en
Ressource: Einzelne Berichte, Studien
Keyword: assessmentevaluationEUenvironmental research
Subject: European Communities. European UnionProtection of the environment
Countries Scheme: Europe. General Resources
Online Ressource: vorübergehend nicht erreichbar!
Bitte beachten Sie die urheberrechtlichen Bedingungen der Dokumentenbenutzung / Please observe the copyright when accessing the document | Quelle / Source: Europäische Umweltagentur (http://www.eea.eu.int/)
Title: Späte Lehren aus frühen Warnungen
Title (other): Das Vorsorgeprinzip 1896 - 2000 ; kurze Zusammenfassung | Late lessons from early warnings : the precautionary principle
1896 -2000 | Signaux précoces et leçons tardives : le principe de précaution 1896 - 2000 ; Quelques points
récapitulatifs
Abstract
This report is about gathering information on the hazards raised by human economic activities and its use in taking action to protect better the environment and the health of the species and ecosystems that are dependent on it. The study aims to contribute to better and more accessible science-based information and more effective stakeholder participation in the governance of economic activity so as to help minimise environmental and health costs and maximise innovation.[Author vide copyright]
Author (Corp. Body): Europäische Umweltagentur | European Environment Agency
Contributer: Europäische Umweltagentur
Year: 2002
Language: en | de | fr
Ressource: Einzelne Berichte, Studien
Keyword: EUriskrisk researchenvironmental researchenvironmental policy
Subject: European Communities. European UnionPollution
Countries Scheme: Europe. General Resources
Online Ressource: vorübergehend nicht erreichbar!
Bitte beachten Sie die urheberrechtlichen Bedingungen der Dokumentenbenutzung / Please observe the copyright when accessing the document | Quelle / Source: Europäische Umweltagentur (http://www.eea.eu.int/)
Title: Signaux précoces et leçons tardives
Title (other): le principe de précaution 1896?2000 ; Quelques points récapitulatifs
Abstract
This report is about gathering information on the hazards raised by human economic activities and its use in taking action to protect better the environment and the health of the species and ecosystems that are dependent on it. The study aims to contribute to better and more accessible science-based information and more effective stakeholder participation in the governance of economic activity so as to help minimise environmental and health costs and maximise innovation.[Author vide copyright]
Author (Corp. Body): Europäische Umweltagentur | European Environment Agency
Publisher: Europäische Umweltagentur
Year: 2002
Language: fr
Ressource: Einzelne Berichte, Studien
Keyword: EUriskrisk researchenvironmental researchenvironmental policy
Subject: European Communities. European UnionPollution
Countries Scheme: Europe. General Resources
Online Ressource: vorübergehend nicht erreichbar!
Bitte beachten Sie die urheberrechtlichen Bedingungen der Dokumentenbenutzung / Please observe the copyright when accessing the document | Quelle / Source: Europäische Umweltagentur (http://www.eea.eu.int/)
Title: Genetically modified organisms (GMOs):
Title (other): The significance of gene flow through pollen transfer ; a review and interpretation of published literature and
recent/current research from the ESF ?Assessing the Impact of GM Plants? (AIGM) programme for the European Science
Foundation and the European Environment Agency
Abstract
This report, written for the EEA by experts from the European Science Foundation, considers the significance of the transfer by pollen of genes from six major genetically modified (GM) crop types that are close to commercial release in the European Union. Oilseed rape, sugar beet, potatoes, maize, wheat and barley are reviewed in detail using recent and current research findings to assess their potential environmental and agronomic impacts. The report also includes a short review of the current status of GM fruit crops in Europe.[Author vide copyright]
Series Title: Environmental issue report ; 28
Author (Corp. Body): Europäische Umweltagentur | European Environment Agency
Year: 2002
ISBN / ISSN / Kat.Nr: 92-9167-411-7
Language: en
Ressource: Einzelne Berichte, Studien
Keyword: EUgenetic engineeringfoodenvironmental researchenvironmental policy
Subject: Heredity. Genetic engineeringFeeding. FoodPollution control. Environmental technology
Countries Scheme: Europe. General Resources
Online Ressource: vorübergehend nicht erreichbar!
Bitte beachten Sie die urheberrechtlichen Bedingungen der Dokumentenbenutzung / Please observe the copyright when accessing the document | Quelle / Source: Europäische Umweltagentur (http://www.eea.eu.int/)
Title: The Arctic biogeographical region
Title (other): warming up and changing?
Abstract
# The Arctic biogeographical region has a highly varied landscape and contains some of Europe?s few remaining large wilderness areas.# The climatic conditions put extreme pressure on plants and animals, and large parts of the region are still under glaciation. Permafrost is widespread.# There are few winter-active species, but very large populations of summer-active plants and animals.# Large numbers of many migrating birds and fish species link arctic ecosystems inextricably with the conditions of circumpolar ecosystems as well as with Europe, northern Asia and Africa.# Large parts of the region are dominated by coastal habitats and interchange with the sea is a dominant feature.# Predicted increases in temperature of some degrees may change conditions radically in many areas and shift plant and animal communities towards more boreal types. Distributions of existing species and habitat types would shift northwards to higher latitudes and upwards to higher altitudes. Some species may become extinct.# There are significant anthropogenic impacts from long-range air pollution, and in some areas from long-term overgrazing and recently from tourism.[Author vide copyright]
Series Title: Biogeographical regions in Europe | Europe's biodiversity - biogeographical regions and seas
Author (Corp. Body): Europäische Umweltagentur | European Environment Agency
Year: 2002
Language: en
Ressource: Einzelne Berichte, Studien
Keyword: EUenvironmental researchenvironmental policy
Subject: European Communities. European UnionEcologyProtection of the environment
Countries Scheme: Northern Europe. General Resources
Online Ressource: vorübergehend nicht erreichbar!
Bitte beachten Sie die urheberrechtlichen Bedingungen der Dokumentenbenutzung / Please observe the copyright when accessing the document | Quelle / Source: Europäische Umweltagentur (http://www.eea.eu.int/)
Title: The Baltic Sea
Title (other): the largest brackish sea in the world
Abstract
The Baltic is the largest brackish water system in the world. Its only connection to more open seas are the shallow sounds between Sweden and Denmark. x01x02 The sea is slowly shrinking because of geological uplifting of land after the last glaciation. x01x02 In many respects the Baltic is similar to an inland lake or an estuary. It is unique in that there are areas where freshwater, brackish water and marine species are all present. Its salinity increases from east to west and from north to south. x01x02 The marked vertical and horizontal salinity gradients are reflected in different species communities and species numbers. The highest biodiversity is found in the south-west of the Baltic Sea. x01x02 Many of the marine species are at the limit of their distributions. x01x02 The main threats to biodiversity in the Baltic Sea are: o Eutrophication: this has caused increased amounts of planktonic algae, increased frequencies of toxic blooms of algae, the reduction of oxygen levels in the deep waters of the Baltic and a decline or disappearance of larger perennial macroalgae. o Fisheries: Fishery of the main target fish species such as cod, herring, salmon and eel is presently unsustainable due to over-exploitation and impairment of conditions for reproduction. Bycatches of marine mammals, seabirds and non-target fish species are too high. o Pollution by contaminants and oil: Organic contaminants have caused health and reproduction problems in marine mammals and birds. Oil has killed seabirds and negatively effected benthic communities. o Introduction of non-indigenous species: Changes in the structure and components of the ecosystem are caused by introduced species. Intentional introduction, fouling and ballast water are three important ways organisms have been introduced into the Baltic Sea. The river connections with the brackish waters in the Black and Caspian Seas increase the risk of introduction from these areas.[Mats Walday ; Tone Kroglund]
Author: Walday, Mats | Kroglund, Tone
Series Title: Europe's biodiversity - biogeographical regions and seas | Seas around Europe
Contributer: Europäische Umweltagentur
Year: 2002
Language: en
Ressource: Einzelne Berichte, Studien
Keyword: EUBaltic regionenvironmental researchenvironmental policy
Subject: European Communities. European UnionEcologyProtection of the environmentOceans. Seas
Countries Scheme: Northern Europe. General Resources
Online Ressource: vorübergehend nicht erreichbar!
Bitte beachten Sie die urheberrechtlichen Bedingungen der Dokumentenbenutzung / Please observe the copyright when accessing the document | Quelle / Source: Europäische Umweltagentur (http://www.eea.eu.int/)
Title: The Black Sea
Title (other): an oxygen-poor sea
Abstract
Nearly 87 % of the Black Sea is entirely anoxic (without oxygen) and contains high levels of hydrogen sulphide. This is the result of past geological events, its shape and its specific water balance (high degree of isolation from the world ocean, deep water depression with a maximum depth of 2 212 metres (m) in the centre of the sea, the extensive drainage basin and the large number of incoming rivers). x01x02 Deep pelagic and benthic organisms are largely absent. x01x02 The wide diversity of biotopes provides favourable conditions for invasion of alien species to the Black Sea. x01x02 The composition and structure of the marine communities is constantly changing with the decline of certain species and the expansion of others. x01x02 Generally, in undisturbed natural conditions species diversity in Black Sea fauna is approximately three times less than that in the Mediterranean. x01x02 Increasing salinity due to inappropriate water management and regulation, and pollution of brackish coastal lakes and estuaries represents a threat to relics and endemic species, especially in the Sea of Azov. x01x02 As a result of eutrophication, primary production has increased and the number of species has declined. These changes, as well as inappropriate fishing practices, have affected the fish stocks. A change towards small pelagic fish, i.e. anchovy and sprat, has been observed. x01x02 Deterioration of some marine habitats and a lack of laws and technology for regulating the introduction of alien species, for example via ballast waters, have allowed the invasion of such species. These have produced mass populations, which have changed the equilibrium of the native marine ecosystems. Growing concern for the fate of the Azov-Black Sea basin is stimulating a search for efficient countermeasures to combat unwanted alien settlers, since they are now the dominant species across the food web. x01x02 Overexploitation of fish stocks in combination with the invasion of the comb jellyfish Mnemiopsis leidyi has caused the collapse of
Series Title: Seas around Europe | Europe's biodiversity - biogeographical regions and seas
Author (Corp. Body): Europäische Umweltagentur | European Environment Agency
Year: 2002
Language: en
Ressource: Einzelne Berichte, Studien
Keyword: EUenvironmental researchenvironmental policy
Subject: European Communities. European UnionEcologyProtection of the environment
Countries Scheme: Eastern Europe. General Resources
Online Ressource: vorübergehend nicht erreichbar!
Bitte beachten Sie die urheberrechtlichen Bedingungen der Dokumentenbenutzung / Please observe the copyright when accessing the document | Europäische Umweltagentur ; 2151637-6
Title: The Arctic Ocean
Title (other): home of the walrus
Abstract
The Arctic Ocean covers a large area with harsh climatic conditions. x01x02 There are strong seasonal and geographical variations in light, temperature and ice cover. x01x02 The European part of the Arctic Ocean covers only about 8 % of the total area of the Arctic Ocean, but due to its great depth it represents about 25 % of the total volume. x01x02 The system of ocean currents induces an east-west temperature gradient with warmer conditions in the eastern part of the European Arctic Ocean, strongly influenced by the warm Gulf Stream. This keeps the Norwegian Sea and a large part of the Barents Sea ice-free and favourable for the growth of a wide range of open-sea (pelagic) and bottom-living (benthic) species. This biological production sustains huge stocks of pelagic fish in these areas. x01x02 The extreme conditions in the area create unique marine ecosystems, and some species live on the border of their tolerance. x01x02 Generally, the environmental quality of these waters is high, but there are several reasons for concern, and an urgent need for more knowledge about the biological systems in this vulnerable area. x01x02 The main threats to biological diversity in the Arctic are o Extensive fishery is probably the greatest threat to biodiversity today. A better understanding of the effects of these fisheries is needed, especially of the effects of bycatch and effects on benthic habitats. o Effects of climatic changes are not yet unequivocally identified, but global warming can influence hydrographical conditions in the region. The recent possibility of ship passage along the Siberian coast may be an indication of such effects. o Accumulation of micro-contaminants in biota is of great concern, particularly since little is known about the relation between levels of contaminants and biological effects. Discharges from industry in the Russian area of Murmansk are considerable and make up a substantial part of total industrial outputs to the Arctic. Long-distance transport of contaminants from other areas is
Author: Walday, Mats
Series Title: Biogeographical regions in Europe | Europe's biodiversity - biogeographical regions and seas
Contributer: Europäische Umweltagentur
Year: 2002
Language: en
Ressource: Einzelne Berichte, Studien
Keyword: EUenvironmental researchenvironmental policy
Subject: European Communities. European UnionEcologyProtection of the environmentOceans. Seas
Countries Scheme: Northern Europe. General Resources
Online Ressource: vorübergehend nicht erreichbar!
Bitte beachten Sie die urheberrechtlichen Bedingungen der Dokumentenbenutzung / Please observe the copyright when accessing the document | Quelle / Source: Europäische Umweltagentur (http://www.eea.eu.int/)
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