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311 entries found on 16 pages. starting on record 61 ending on 80

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Title: Long-term growth remains a challenge for Slovakia despite the current boom
Abstract
In recent years, Slovakia has introduced wide-ranging reforms in the tax, pension, social and health care systems. These reforms have increased incentives to work, to create jobs and to invest, and have thus fostered growth and economic catching-up. The supply-side driven growth has so far ensured favourable price and wage developments. However, it is not clear whether this positive trend will continue in the medium term. The availability of a sufficiently skilled labour force has decreased significantly while young and unskilled unemployed have so far not benefited to any significant degree from the strong employment growth. At the same time, the public education system does not seem to be ensuring that everybody has sufficient skills to participate in the labour market, and is failing young people from disadvantaged backgrounds in particular. Moreover, R&D; investment in Slovakia has been very low and falling in recent years. Hence, in order to ensure that employment and productivity continue to grow strongly in the coming years, Slovakia should focus on improving educational attainment and stimulating R&D; investment.
Author: Jevcak, Anton
Series Title: Europäische Kommission / Generaldirektion Wirtschaft und Finanzen - Ecfin country focus ; 2007,08
Contributer: Europäische Kommission / Generaldirektion Wirtschaft und Finanzen
Year: 2007
Language: en
Ressource: Einzelne Berichte, Studien
Keyword: Labour Marketlabor market policy
Subject: Qualifications. Employment services
Countries Scheme: Slovak Republic
Online Ressource: vorübergehend nicht erreichbar!
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Title: The business cycle in Poland: where do we stand?
Abstract
This Country Focus analyses and interprets the statistical characteristics of the Polish business cycle. It also identifies leading and lagging variables and shows that the economic fluctuations in Poland differ to some extent from those in other emerging and mature economies, with Polish growth notably more volatile and government expenditure highly erratic. The available data on GDP growth suggest that the Polish economy is approaching the peak of the second business cycle since the start of economic transformation from a centrally planned to a market economy. The current upswing is to some extent similar to the one of 1995-1997 which ended in large macroeconomic imbalances (increasing unemployment, spare capacity, widening fiscal and current account deficits). However, Poland now appears to be better positioned than after the last cycle and should be able to avoid a repeat of that outcome.
Author: Narozny, Michal
Series Title: Europäische Kommission / Generaldirektion Wirtschaft und Finanzen - Ecfin country focus ; 2007,09
Contributer: Europäische Kommission / Generaldirektion Wirtschaft und Finanzen
Year: 2007
Language: en
Ressource: Einzelne Berichte, Studien
Keyword: Economic Growtheconomic development (on national level)
Subject: Economic development. Economic growth
Countries Scheme: Poland
Online Ressource: vorübergehend nicht erreichbar!
Bitte beachten Sie die urheberrechtlichen Bedingungen der Dokumentenbenutzung / Please observe the copyright when accessing the document | Quelle / Source: Europäische Kommission (http://ec.europa.eu/)
Title: Managed vs free wage-setting in Finland and Estonia: optimising outcomes
Abstract
Wage-setting systems are a key element of the labour market institutional setup. In Europe, they vary considerably, reflecting the diversity of existing economic and social models. Over the long run, different wage-setting models can have a significant impact on macroeconomic performance, industrial structure, and social cohesion. The Finnish and Estonian wage-setting systems are an example of a stark contrast between close neighbours. In Finland, wage-setting is highly centralised and in Estonia it is almost fully decentralised. While each of these systems appears to have supported a good overall performance in terms of employment and economic activity in these countries, each has given rise to serious challenges in some other areas. Estonia needs to cope with the pro-cyclical volatility of its wage growth, which risks feeding through to higher inflation, and with social equity issues. Conversely, Finnish wage-setting prevents its companies from reacting flexibly to changing markets. Both Estonia and Finland may need to consider how these current drawbacks could be addressed without compromising the credibility and overall positive performance of their wage-setting systems.
Author: Maiväli, Mart | Lubenets, Natalie
Series Title: Europäische Kommission / Generaldirektion Wirtschaft und Finanzen - Ecfin country focus ; 2007,10
Contributer: Europäische Kommission / Generaldirektion Wirtschaft und Finanzen
Year: 2007
Language: en
Ressource: Einzelne Berichte, Studien
Keyword: Wage policywage policy
Subject: Labour policy. Labour economics
Countries Scheme: FinlandEstonia
Online Ressource: vorübergehend nicht erreichbar!
Bitte beachten Sie die urheberrechtlichen Bedingungen der Dokumentenbenutzung / Please observe the copyright when accessing the document | Quelle / Source: Europäische Kommission (http://ec.europa.eu/)
Title: The impact of fiscal policy in Hungary
Abstract
This Country Focus studies the impact of changes in government expenditure in Hungary over the period 1997Q1 to 2005Q4 using a structural vector-autoregressive model. The results suggest that discretionary shifts in government expenditure have a mixed impact on the economy. In particular, while households are found to respond positively to expansionary government spending leading to an increase in their income, our findings point to a negative reaction on the part of the corporate sector. Overall, increasing government expenditure is found to lead to a contraction in GDP. Private employment is also found to fall back.
Author: Lendvai, Julia
Series Title: Europäische Kommission / Generaldirektion Wirtschaft und Finanzen - Ecfin country focus ; 2007,11
Contributer: Europäische Kommission / Generaldirektion Wirtschaft und Finanzen
Year: 2007
Language: en
Ressource: Einzelne Berichte, Studien
Keyword: Fiscal Policyfiscal policy
Subject: Economic and growth policies
Countries Scheme: Hungary
Online Ressource: vorübergehend nicht erreichbar!
Bitte beachten Sie die urheberrechtlichen Bedingungen der Dokumentenbenutzung / Please observe the copyright when accessing the document | Quelle / Source: Europäische Kommission (http://ec.europa.eu/)
Title: Liberalisation and development of the Czech financial sector: more to come
Abstract
The Czech financial sector has changed dramatically since transition. In fifteen years, it has developed from a state-owned mono-bank into a privatised bank-based financial system with developing capital and private equity markets. This country focus analyses the development of the financial sector including its impact on economic growth. While the sector has advanced considerably in scale and efficiency, there is clear room for further development to support future growth.
Author: Kay, Neil
Series Title: Europäische Kommission / Generaldirektion Wirtschaft und Finanzen - Ecfin country focus ; 2007,12
Contributer: Europäische Kommission / Generaldirektion Wirtschaft und Finanzen
Year: 2007
Language: en
Ressource: Einzelne Berichte, Studien
Keyword: Banking SystemFinancial sectorEconomic Growthfinancial marketeconomic growth
Subject: Financing. Private finance. Financial policy
Countries Scheme: Czech Republic
Online Ressource: vorübergehend nicht erreichbar!
Bitte beachten Sie die urheberrechtlichen Bedingungen der Dokumentenbenutzung / Please observe the copyright when accessing the document | Quelle / Source: Europäische Kommission (http://ec.europa.eu/)
Title: Terms-of-trade effects in catching-up countries: the case of the Czech Republic
Abstract
Over the last decade the Czech Republic has had the lowest GDP growth of all the ten recently acceded Member States. However, its foreign balance has improved over the same period, as have the terms of trade. Although changing terms of trade can have a significant welfare effect, this often escapes the attention of economists, who concentrate on real GDP growth as a main macroeconomic indicator. As the case of the Czech Republic shows, developments in the terms of trade should be taken into account when assessing a country's catching-up performance. With positive terms of trade wages can increase faster than labour productivity without affecting the relative share of the gross operating surplus in the economy.
Author: Mora, Marek
Series Title: Europäische Kommission / Generaldirektion Wirtschaft und Finanzen - Ecfin country focus ; 2006,04
Contributer: Europäische Kommission / Generaldirektion Wirtschaft und Finanzen
Year: 2006
Language: en
Ressource: Einzelne Berichte, Studien
Keyword: Balance of tradetrade balance
Subject: Foreign trade. Trade relations
Countries Scheme: Czech Republic
Online Ressource: vorübergehend nicht erreichbar!
Bitte beachten Sie die urheberrechtlichen Bedingungen der Dokumentenbenutzung / Please observe the copyright when accessing the document | Quelle / Source: Europäische Kommission (http://ec.europa.eu/)
Title: Structural unemployment: a blot on the Finnish success story
Abstract
In the recent debate on the response to the challenges of globalisation, the so-called Nordic model has received much praise. While the three Nordic countries are often lumped together, their performance has not been the same. A notable feature of the Finnish economy compared with that of Sweden and Denmark is the higher level of unemployment. In the early 1990s, the Finnish economy suffered an exceptionally sharp demand shock that cut almost one fifth of its jobs in just three years and was accompanied by profound structural changes which have tested the limits of the labour market’s capacity to adapt. The spectacular recovery of the Finnish economy has pushed up labour demand. While unemployment has fallen back from a peak of 16% of the labour force towards more "normal" rates, this improvement has stalled in recent years, even in the face of strong employment growth.
Author: Maiväli, Mart
Series Title: Europäische Kommission / Generaldirektion Wirtschaft und Finanzen - Ecfin country focus ; 2006,05
Contributer: Europäische Kommission / Generaldirektion Wirtschaft und Finanzen
Year: 2006
Language: en
Ressource: Einzelne Berichte, Studien
Keyword: Unemploymentunemployment
Subject: Employment and unemployment
Countries Scheme: Finland
Online Ressource: vorübergehend nicht erreichbar!
Bitte beachten Sie die urheberrechtlichen Bedingungen der Dokumentenbenutzung / Please observe the copyright when accessing the document | Quelle / Source: Europäische Kommission (http://ec.europa.eu/)
Title: High unemployment in Poland - not only a labour market problem
Abstract
In 2005, 17.7% of the active labour force in Poland was unemployed. Despite a substantial fall from nearly 20% in 2002, the unemployment rate remains the highest in the EU. Similarly, the employment rate in Poland, at 52.8%, was the lowest in the EU. Recent developments on the Polish labour market justify some optimism, but a heavy structural unemployment component makes rapid improvement unlikely. The picture is complex as the Polish labour market is not significantly less flexible than EU and OECD averages. Nonetheless, there are specific impediments heavily weighing on labour market performance which are related to the high tax wedge, the undiversified level of minimum wage, insufficiently flexible forms of employment, inactivity traps built into the transfer system and low regional and trans-professional job reallocation.
Author: Naro?ny, Micha?
Series Title: Europäische Kommission / Generaldirektion Wirtschaft und Finanzen - Ecfin country focus ; 2006,06
Contributer: Europäische Kommission / Generaldirektion Wirtschaft und Finanzen
Year: 2006
Language: en
Ressource: Einzelne Berichte, Studien
Keyword: Unemploymentunemployment
Subject: Employment and unemployment
Countries Scheme: Poland
Online Ressource: vorübergehend nicht erreichbar!
Bitte beachten Sie die urheberrechtlichen Bedingungen der Dokumentenbenutzung / Please observe the copyright when accessing the document | Quelle / Source: Europäische Kommission (http://ec.europa.eu/)
Title: Regulation in the UK: is it getting too heavy?
Abstract
Some regulation is needed to enhance growth and economic welfare, but too much undermines productivity. Generally, the UK seems lightly regulated, especially in its international transactions, and it has a public enterprise sector small in both size and scope. Yet British business has become more critical of the regulatory burden it faces, and work done for the government identifies areas of excessive regulatory burden.
Author: Sheehy, John
Series Title: Europäische Kommission / Generaldirektion Wirtschaft und Finanzen - Ecfin country focus ; 2006,07
Contributer: Europäische Kommission / Generaldirektion Wirtschaft und Finanzen
Year: 2006
Language: en
Ressource: Einzelne Berichte, Studien
Keyword: Regulationregulation
Subject: Economic policy and planning
Countries Scheme: United Kingdom
Online Ressource: vorübergehend nicht erreichbar!
Bitte beachten Sie die urheberrechtlichen Bedingungen der Dokumentenbenutzung / Please observe the copyright when accessing the document | Quelle / Source: Europäische Kommission (http://ec.europa.eu/)
Title: The Swedish labour market model: performance under outside pressures
Abstract
A key element in any “social model” is the institutional framework of the labour market. The Swedish set-up still builds on the Rehn-Meidner model which aims to simultaneously achieve low inflation, low unemployment, high economic growth and an equitable distribution of income. Openness and acceptance of structural change to keep competitiveness is compensated by income security. There is a clear division of roles, with the social partners responsible for wage-setting and the government responsible for helping the unemployed back into work. While Sweden continues to perform well relative to the EU as a whole, there has been an intensifying domestic debate on its labour market arrangements, related partly to the issues of EU enlargement and globalisation.
Author: Fischer, Jonas
Series Title: Europäische Kommission / Generaldirektion Wirtschaft und Finanzen - Ecfin country focus ; 2006,08
Contributer: Europäische Kommission / Generaldirektion Wirtschaft und Finanzen
Year: 2006
Language: en
Ressource: Einzelne Berichte, Studien
Keyword: Labour Marketlabor market
Subject: Labour market
Countries Scheme: Sweden
Online Ressource: vorübergehend nicht erreichbar!
Bitte beachten Sie die urheberrechtlichen Bedingungen der Dokumentenbenutzung / Please observe the copyright when accessing the document | Quelle / Source: Europäische Kommission (http://ec.europa.eu/)
Title: Smooth versus bumpy: differences in growth dynamics in Belgium and the Netherlands
Abstract
Until the mid-1990s Belgium and the Netherlands remained largely aligned in terms of output growth. However, since then they have shown a more divergent growth pattern as the Netherlands experienced a much more pronounced cycle than Belgium. There are three main explanations. The Netherlands saw significant equity withdrawals from rising housing prices that only lessened as the real-estate market cooled down at the start of the new millennium, while the dynamic in the Belgian housing market has been much more modest and home equity withdrawal insignificant. The inflation pressures and labour market tensions that built up during the late 1990s in the Netherlands resulted in high nominal labour cost growth, a substantial loss in international competitiveness and the need for severe wage moderations in the ensuing years, which in turn reinforced the downward part of the cycle. In Belgium, the wage-setting institutions were more geared towards aligning wage developments to those of its neighbours, which prevented large swings in relative competitiveness. Economic policy was more accommodating in the Netherlands than in Belgium since inflationary pressures mean that real interest rates in the Netherlands were lower, implying a de facto more accommodating monetary stance. Moreover, fiscal consolidation in Belgium in preparation of the adoption of the euro had a moderating effect on the cyclical upswing, whereas in the Netherlands fiscal policy was somewhat pro-cyclical.
Author: Bethuyne, Gerrit | Buitenkamp, Bouke
Series Title: Europäische Kommission / Generaldirektion Wirtschaft und Finanzen - Ecfin country focus ; 2006,09
Contributer: Europäische Kommission / Generaldirektion Wirtschaft und Finanzen
Year: 2006
Language: en
Ressource: Einzelne Berichte, Studien
Keyword: Economic Growtheconomic development (on national level)
Subject: Economic development. Economic growth
Countries Scheme: BelgiumNetherlands
Online Ressource: vorübergehend nicht erreichbar!
Bitte beachten Sie die urheberrechtlichen Bedingungen der Dokumentenbenutzung / Please observe the copyright when accessing the document | Quelle / Source: Europäische Kommission (http://ec.europa.eu/)
Title: Social cohesion in the Czech Republic: a blessing or a trap?
Abstract
When using indicators of inequality of income distribution and the at-risk-of-poverty rate, the Czech Republic has one of the highest levels of social cohesion in the EU, comparable to that of the Nordic countries. Though social transfers play a significant role in reducing the Czech poverty rate, it is the country's relatively equal distribution of primary income that contributes most to the level of social cohesion overall. This can be explained by several factors, in particular by the quality of education, the homogeneity of society, regulation of rental housing, the gradual nature of the transition process and other historical reasons. Economic theory and empirical evidence are not clear-cut on what the impact of social cohesion is on economic efficiency and growth. Though social cohesion can have a positive economic impact on growth, the tax-transfer system, if badly designed, may have harmful consequences for labour supply and for the sustainability of public finances as seems to be the Czech case.
Author: Mora, Marek
Series Title: Europäische Kommission / Generaldirektion Wirtschaft und Finanzen - Ecfin country focus ; 2006,10
Contributer: Europäische Kommission / Generaldirektion Wirtschaft und Finanzen
Year: 2006
Language: en
Ressource: Einzelne Berichte, Studien
Keyword: social balance
Subject: Economic and social development
Countries Scheme: Czech Republic
Online Ressource: vorübergehend nicht erreichbar!
Bitte beachten Sie die urheberrechtlichen Bedingungen der Dokumentenbenutzung / Please observe the copyright when accessing the document | Quelle / Source: Europäische Kommission (http://ec.europa.eu/)
Title: Credit growth in Bulgaria - what are the policy challenges?
Abstract
Bulgaria has for years been facing some of the highest credit growth rates and current account deficits in Central and South-Eastern Europe, raising concerns about possible risks for macroeconomic and financial sector stability. Since standard monetary policy instruments are not available within the currency board arrangement, the Bulgarian National Bank resorted to a combination of administrative and prudential measures to curb credit growth. The introduction of defacto credit ceilings has successfully reduced credit growth to below 20%. However, increased recourse by the corporate sector to direct foreign borrowing and to nonbank financial intermediation has meant that the hoped-for reduction of external imbalances has failed to materialise. The Bulgarian experience underlines the importance of a comprehensive policy response to the challenges and risks associated with high credit growth during transition
Author: Wunner, Norbert
Series Title: Europäische Kommission / Generaldirektion Wirtschaft und Finanzen - Ecfin country focus ; 2006,11
Contributer: Europäische Kommission / Generaldirektion Wirtschaft und Finanzen
Year: 2006
Language: en
Ressource: Einzelne Berichte, Studien
Keyword: Credit marketcredit policy
Subject: Economic conditions
Countries Scheme: Bulgaria
Online Ressource: vorübergehend nicht erreichbar!
Bitte beachten Sie die urheberrechtlichen Bedingungen der Dokumentenbenutzung / Please observe the copyright when accessing the document | Quelle / Source: Europäische Kommission (http://ec.europa.eu/)
Title: Poland's policy mix: fiscal or monetary leadership?
Abstract
The way in which monetary and fiscal policy interact has an impact on the policy mix. A standard finding in the economic literature on strategic interactions between the fiscal and monetary authorities is that lack of cooperation can lead to a suboptimal policy mix. This is in particular the outcome of a Stackelberg game between the two policy-makers, with the government as the leader and the monetary authority as the follower – which appears to be a realistic description of the current institutional arrangements in Poland. This Country Focus examines whether these theoretical considerations are relevant to developments in fiscal and monetary policy in Poland since 1999. The suboptimal policy mix that characterises much of the period under review can be interpreted in part as the outcome of non-cooperative behaviour as predicted by the leader-follower model. Clearly, lack of fiscal consolidation and persistent uncertainties about fiscal policy have weighed heavily on monetary policy decisions. However, shifts in the monetary stance also reflect the National Bank of Poland’s reaction to changing economic conditions from which its response to changes in fiscal policy alone is difficult to disentangle. Poland’s recent experience suggests that a credible commitment to fiscal discipline and greater predictability of fiscal plans would help improve the policy mix.
Author: Darnaut, Nathalie | Kutos, Paul
Series Title: Europäische Kommission / Generaldirektion Wirtschaft und Finanzen - Ecfin country focus ; 2005,01
Contributer: Europäische Kommission / Generaldirektion Wirtschaft und Finanzen
Year: 2005
Language: en
Ressource: Einzelne Berichte, Studien
Keyword: Fiscal PolicyMonetary Policyfiscal policymonetary policy
Subject: Economic policy and planning
Countries Scheme: Bulgaria
Online Ressource: vorübergehend nicht erreichbar!
Bitte beachten Sie die urheberrechtlichen Bedingungen der Dokumentenbenutzung / Please observe the copyright when accessing the document | Quelle / Source: Europäische Kommission (http://ec.europa.eu/)
Title: Budgetary transfers between the EU and the new Member States: manna from Brussels or a fiscal drag?
Abstract
Member States receive funds for agriculture, structural development (e.g. infrastructure works) and internal policies (e.g. training, research, environmental protection), but in exchange have to make a contribution to the EU budget. Given the overall low level of income per head as compared to the rest of the EU, the ten new Member States receive a considerable amount of transfers with a view to fostering their catching-up process. While it is often argued that EU accession increases a country’s budget deficit, the calculations show that the fiscal impact of the EU financial flows in the medium-term should be favourable. Nevertheless, the challenges in restructuring budgetary and administrative procedures to be able to absorb the projected payments in the EU financial framework should be recognised.
Author: Hallet, Martin | Keereman, Filip
Series Title: Europäische Kommission / Generaldirektion Wirtschaft und Finanzen - Ecfin country focus ; 2005,02
Contributer: Europäische Kommission / Generaldirektion Wirtschaft und Finanzen
Year: 2005
Language: en
Ressource: Einzelne Berichte, Studien
Keyword: Fiscal Policyfiscal policy
Subject: Economic policy and planning
Countries Scheme: Europe. General Resources
Online Ressource: vorübergehend nicht erreichbar!
Bitte beachten Sie die urheberrechtlichen Bedingungen der Dokumentenbenutzung / Please observe the copyright when accessing the document | Quelle / Source: Europäische Kommission (http://ec.europa.eu/)
Title: Convergence and reunification in Cyprus: Scope for a virtuous circle
Abstract
The issue of Cyprus reunification did not lapse with the No vote on the Annan plan in the Greek Cypriot community in April 2004. Reunification remains a central challenge – not only for political reasons but because economic convergence offers important gains for both the Greek Cypriot South and the Turkish Cypriot North. Productivity and income levels in the North are much lower than in the South. However, changing external circumstances, with the right policies, could trigger strong and sustained convergence, bridging the wide economic gap between the two communities. Given synergies and complementarities between North and South, the scope for a virtuous circle is clear: both would benefit from sustained convergence and reunification.
Author: Noë, Willem | Watson, Max
Series Title: Europäische Kommission / Generaldirektion Wirtschaft und Finanzen - Ecfin country focus ; 2005,03
Contributer: Europäische Kommission / Generaldirektion Wirtschaft und Finanzen
Year: 2005
Language: en
Ressource: Einzelne Berichte, Studien
Keyword: Cyprusconvergencereunification
Subject: Economic policy and planning
Countries Scheme: Cyprus
Online Ressource: vorübergehend nicht erreichbar!
Bitte beachten Sie die urheberrechtlichen Bedingungen der Dokumentenbenutzung / Please observe the copyright when accessing the document | Quelle / Source: Europäische Kommission (http://ec.europa.eu/)
Title: Swedish budget rules: praise from Brussels, pressure at home
Abstract
Public finances in Sweden remain strong by EU standards. The national rules-based framework that guides Swedish fiscal policy has contributed to this solid performance. These rules, which complement the EU rules, provide for an ambitious surplus objective for the general government (2% of GDP on average over the cycle), multi-annual nominal expenditure ceilings for central government and a balanced budget requirement for local government. The framework has been successful in promoting prudent fiscal policy, helping Sweden to comfortably comply with EU Stability and Growth Pact (SGP) requirements. Nevertheless, despite the overall positive performance there has lately been increasing pressure in different parts of the framework.
Author: Fischer, Jonas
Series Title: Europäische Kommission / Generaldirektion Wirtschaft und Finanzen - Ecfin country focus ; 2005,04
Contributer: Europäische Kommission / Generaldirektion Wirtschaft und Finanzen
Year: 2005
Language: en
Ressource: Einzelne Berichte, Studien
Keyword: Fiscal Policyfiscal policy
Subject: Money. Financing
Countries Scheme: Sweden
Online Ressource: vorübergehend nicht erreichbar!
Bitte beachten Sie die urheberrechtlichen Bedingungen der Dokumentenbenutzung / Please observe the copyright when accessing the document | Quelle / Source: Europäische Kommission (http://ec.europa.eu/)
Title: Growing wage inequalities in Poland: could foreign investment be part of the explanation?
Abstract
International trade and foreign direct investment (FDI) tend to exert a downward pressure on the relative wage of less skilled workers in developed countries. This Country Focus investigates whether the growing wage inequality between skilled and unskilled labour in Poland during the transition can be associated with the inflow of foreign capital.
Author: Skuratowicz, Agnieszka
Series Title: Europäische Kommission / Generaldirektion Wirtschaft und Finanzen - Ecfin country focus ; 2005,05
Contributer: Europäische Kommission / Generaldirektion Wirtschaft und Finanzen
Year: 2005
Language: en
Ressource: Einzelne Berichte, Studien
Keyword: investment abroadwage difference
Subject: Economic conditions
Countries Scheme: Poland
Online Ressource: vorübergehend nicht erreichbar!
Bitte beachten Sie die urheberrechtlichen Bedingungen der Dokumentenbenutzung / Please observe the copyright when accessing the document | Quelle / Source: Europäische Kommission (http://ec.europa.eu/)
Title: Domestic gloom and export boom : a look at German competitiveness
Abstract
Since 1995 Germany has barely managed to grow by 1.2% annually, with growth over the last four years averaging only 0.6%. In 2005, growth will again be below1%. With these low growth rates Germany has clearly fallen behind all the other European countries. The German economy is suffering from a number of problems.There are the usual long-running concerns about Germany’s high labour costs andtaxes, and high levels of regulation. This has been exacerbated by new challenges over the last decade and a half, such as the high costs of German unification and the direct exposure to low-wage eastern and central European countries. With hindsight the four-year stagnation might therefore not be all that surprising. And what this paper shows is that structurally the country has made substantial progress and is in a better competitive position than before. What is needed now is an improvement in confidence and a pick-up in domestic demand. [Heinz Jansen]
Author: Jansen, Heinz
Series Title: Europäische Kommission / Generaldirektion Wirtschaft und Finanzen - ECFIN Country Focus ; 2005,06
Publisher: Europäische Kommission / Generaldirektion Wirtschaft und Finanzen
Year: 2005
Language: en
Ressource: Einzelne Berichte, Studien
Keyword: Competition PolicyEconomic Growth
Subject: Economic conditions
Countries Scheme: Germany. General Resources
Online Ressource: vorübergehend nicht erreichbar!
Bitte beachten Sie die urheberrechtlichen Bedingungen der Dokumentenbenutzung / Please observe the copyright when accessing the document | Quelle / Source: Europäische Kommission (http://ec.europa.eu/)
Title: Quarterly report on the price and cost competitiveness of the European Union and its Member States : fourth quarter of
2000
Series Title:ECFIN - Quarterly report on price and cost competitiveness ; 2001,3
Author (Corp. Body): Europäische Kommission / Generaldirektion Wirtschaft und Finanzen
Year: 2001
ISBN / ISSN / Kat.Nr: ECFIN/C-1
Language: en
Ressource: Einzelne Berichte, Studien
Keyword: EU countriesJapanUnited Statescompetitive capacity
Subject: Economic conditions. Economic structure
Countries Scheme: Europe. General Resources
Online Ressource: vorübergehend nicht erreichbar!
Bitte beachten Sie die urheberrechtlichen Bedingungen der Dokumentenbenutzung / Please observe the copyright when accessing the document | Quelle / Source: Europäische Kommission / Generaldirektion Wirtschaft und Finanzen (http://ec.europa.eu/economy_finance/)
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