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Title: Center for International Relations
Title (other): Centrum Stosunków Miedzynarodowych
Abstract
CIR is an independent, non-governmental, 12-year old think-tank, dedicated to the study of international relations and those foreign policy issues, which are of crucial importance to Poland, Europe and transatlantic relations in both the long and the short-term. CIR carries out its own research projects, prepares reports and analyses and participates in international projects in cooperation with similar institutions in several countries. CIR has also founded the Foreign Policy Club - an influential forum for foreign policy analysis and debate, involving hundreds of leading politicians, diplomats, civil servants, local government officials, academics, students, journalists and representatives of other NGOs. [gemäß den Informationen des Anbieters]
Series Title: Centrum Stosunków Miedzynarodowych
Author (Corp. Body): Centrum Stosunków Miedzynarodowych
Year: unknown
Language: en | pol
Ressource: Nichtregierungsorganisationen (NGO)
Keyword: foreign policyinternational politicsPoland
Subject: European Community external relationsPolitics
Countries Scheme: Europe. General ResourcesPoland
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Bitte beachten Sie die urheberrechtlichen Bedingungen der Dokumentenbenutzung / Please observe the copyright when accessing the document | Quelle / Source: Centrum Stosunków Miedzynarodowych (http://www.csm.org.pl/)
Title: The impact of the Racial Equality Directive: a survey of trade unions and employers in the Member States of the European
Union - Poland
Author: Kubisa, Julia
Contributer: Fundamental Rights Agency
Year: unknown
Language: en
Ressource: Einzelne Berichte, Studien
Keyword: ECequality of treatmentPolanddirective
Subject: Human rights
Countries Scheme: Poland
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Bitte beachten Sie die urheberrechtlichen Bedingungen der Dokumentenbenutzung / Please observe the copyright when accessing the document | Quelle / Source: http//fra.europa.eu
Title: European Language Learning Materials Survey - The provision of Polish materials
Author: Madej, Eliza
Contributer: European Commission / Directorate General for Education and Culture
Year: 2000
Language: en
Ressource: Einzelne Berichte, Studien
Keyword: foreign languagePolandteaching materials
Subject: Teaching methods and programmes
Countries Scheme: Poland
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Bitte beachten Sie die urheberrechtlichen Bedingungen der Dokumentenbenutzung / Please observe the copyright when accessing the document | Quelle / Source: Europäische Kommission (http://www.ec.europa.eu/)
Title: Assessment of the European Union Phare Programme : Country: Multi Country ; Sector: Ad Hoc Report on Small and
Medium-sized Enterprise Development
Abstract
Phare support to SME development has mainly consisted of technical assistance and advisory services to national institutions, support to SME policy and legislative development and financial support for SME development. Progress has been made in tackling problems inherited from the past, as well as in developing a favourable environment for the creation of new companies. However, formation and survival rates of SME are still well below the EU average and as such there are a number of challenges to be faced at both the enterprise and government levels....The principal objective of this Report is to identify lessons and make recommendations for the design of future SME programmes, based on a desk analysis of the conclusions and findings of Phare Programme Monitoring and Assessment Reports, Country Assessment Reviews, other monitoring data and strategic planning documents produced within the Candidate countries, and interviews with key stakeholders.[Author vide copyright]
Table of Contents
ABSTRACT
TABLE OF CONTENTS
GLOSSARY OF ACRONYMS
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
PREFACEI. THE REPORT
1. BACKGROUND
2. OBJECTIVES AND SCOPE OF WORK
3. THE PRESENT STATUS OF SME DEVELOPMENT WITHIN THE CANDIDATE COUNTRIES
3.1The Analysis
4. THE CONTRIBUTION OF THE PHARE PROGRAMME TO SME DEVELOPMENT
4.1 Phare support to the SME Sector
4.2 Phare National Programmes
5. RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Completing structural reforms
5.2 Benchmarking the SME sector at national level
5.3 Definition and approval of multi-annual SME Development Strategies
5.4 Contribute to the development of a coherent National Business Support System
5.5 Improving the business environment
5.6 Specific measures to support and encourage innovative approaches
5.7 Promoting better access to finance
5.8 Addressing the future utilisation of Structural Funds
5.9 Human resources development programmes to strengthen entrepreneurial skills
II ANNEXES
ANNEX 1. FACT-FINDING MEETINGS WITH PHARE COUNTRY CO-ORDINATORS AND IDENTIFICATION OF PRIORITIES TO BE ADDRESSED AT COUNTRY LEVEL
ANNEX 2. INVESTMENT SUPPORT FROM STRUCTURAL FUNDS
ANNEX 3. THEMATIC ASSESSMENT MATRIX DEFINING EVALUATION CRITERIA FOR SELECTED MEASURES
ANNEX 4. POLICY, REGULATORY, SUPPORT AND INSTITUTIONAL ISSUES TO BE ADDRESSED AT COUNTRY LEVEL
ANNEX 5. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR AN SME BENCHMARK ANALYSIS
ANNEX 6. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR AN APPROACH TO THE RATIONALISATION OF THE BUSINESS SUPPORT NETWORKS
ANNEX 7. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE STRENGTHENING OF THE BUSINESS INCUBATOR NETWORKS
ANNEX 8. COUNTRY STUDIES STATISTICAL SUMMARY
ANNEX 9. COUNTRY STUDIES
BULGARIA
CZECH REPUBLIC
ESTONIA
HUNGARY
LATVIA
LITHUANIA
POLAND
ROMANIA
SLOVAKIA
SLOVENIA
ANNEX 10. NINE KEY OBJECTIVES FOR THE ACQUIS COMMUNAUTAIRE FOR SME DEVELOPMENT
ANNEX 11. STATUS OF IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PHARE-EBRD SME FACILITY
ANNEX 12. LIST OF INTERVIEWS
Author (Corp. Body): OMAS | EMS Consortium
Contributer: Europäische Kommission / Generaldirektion Erweiterung
Year: 2002
ISBN / ISSN / Kat.Nr: R/ZZ/SME/02.144 | ZZ/SME/02.144
Language: en
Ressource: Einzelne Berichte, Studien
Keyword: evaluationBulgariadevelopment aidEstoniaEUjoining of the European Unionsmall-scale businessLatvia
Lithuaniamedium-sized firmPolandRomaniaSlovakiaSloveniaCzech RepublicHungary
Subject: Aid programmesEuropean Community funds and financial instruments. EIBEuropean Community external relations
Countries Scheme: Europe. General ResourcesEstoniaLatviaLithuaniaPoland
Slovak RepublicCzech RepublicHungaryBulgariaRomaniaSlovenia
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Title: Structures of Education, Vocational Training and Adult Education Systems in Europe : Poland ; 2003
Abstract
Structures of education, vocational training and adult education systems in Europe For anyone trying to understand the general organisation of education systems in Europe, these monographs set out in some 40 pages for each country, full basic and regularly updated information on its own particular system. Devised in accordance with a common framework, they provide conveniently for inter-country comparison. The monographs describe the various levels of education from pre-primary to higher education, and initial vocational training whether provided exclusively in a school or other educational institution, or in the form of alternated work and training. Each level of education has its own concise description concerned primarily with its admissions procedures, duration, curriculum, methods of assessment and teacher training. These monographs have been produced by EURYDICE in close collaboration with the members of the CEDEFOP REFER Network and the national observatories of the European Training Foundation. [Author vide copyright] | Structures des systèmes d'enseignement, de la formation professionnelle et de l'éducation des adultes en Europe Pour qui cherche à connaître l'organisation générale des systèmes éducatifs en Europe, ces monographies proposent en une quarantaine de pages par pays une information de base, complète et régulièrement mise à jour. Conçues sur base d'un plan harmonisé, elles se prêtent aisément à une comparaison entre pays. La description porte sur les différents niveaux d'enseignement, du pré-primaire au supérieur, ainsi que sur l'éducation des adultes et la formation professionnelle initiale organisée soit entièrement en milieu scolaire, soit en alternance. Pour chaque niveau, on y trouve des informations succinctes essentiellement sur l'accès, la durée, le curriculum, les modes d'évaluation et la formation des enseignants. Ces monographies ont été produites par EURYDICE en collaboration avec les membres du réseau REFER du CEDEFOP et des Observatoires nationaux de la Fondation européenne pour la formation. | Strukturen der allgemeinen und beruflichen Bildung und der Erwachsenenbildung in Europa Wer die allgemeine Organisation der Bildungssysteme in Europa kennen lernen möchte, findet die entsprechende Basisinformation in den ca. 40-Seiten umfassenden Länderberichten. Diese Monografien werden regelmässig überarbeitet und auf den neuesten Stand gebracht. Aufgrund ihrer einheitlichen Struktur, erleichtern sie Vergleiche zwischen den einzelnen Staaten. Behandelt werden die verschiedenen Bildungssysteme, vom Vorschul- bis zum Hochschulbereich, die Erwachsenenbildung sowie die berufliche Bildung im Schulwesen als auch im dualen System. Für jedes Niveau findet man kurz gefasste Informationen, insbesondere über Zugangsvoraussetzungen, Ausbildungsdauer, Lehrpläne, Evaluationsansätze und Ausbildung der Lehrer. Diese Monografien wurden von Eurydice in Zusammenarbeit mit dem ReferNet von CEDEFOP und den nationalen Beobachtungsstellen der europäischen Stiftung für Berufsausbildung erstellt. [Urheber s. Copyright]
Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION
1. RESPONSIBILITIES AND ADMINISTRATION
1.1 Background
1.2 Basic principles - education
1.3 Distribution of responsibilities for the organisation and administration of the education and training system
1.4 Inspection, supervision and guidance
1.5 Financing
1.6 Advisory and consultative bodies
1.7 Private schools
2. PRE-SCHOOL EDUCATION
2.1 Organisation
2.2 Curriculum/assessment
2.3 Teachers
2.4 Statistics
3. COMPULSORY EDUCATION
3.A. Primary education
3.A.1 Organisation of the school
3.A.2 Curriculum
3.A.3 Assessment/certification/guidance
3.A.4 Teachers
3.B. Compulsory secondary education (Gimnazjum)
3.B.1 Organisation of the school
3.B.2 Curriculum
3.B.3 Assessment/certification/guidance
3.B.4 Teachers
3.B.5 Statistics (3A and 3B)
4. POST-COMPULSORY EDUCATION
4.A. General secondary education
4.A.1 Organisation of the school
4.A.2 Curriculum
4.A.3 Assessment/certification/guidance
4.A.4 Teachers
4B Vocational secondary schools
4.B.1 Organisation
4.B.2 Curriculum
4.B.3 Assessment/certification/guidance
4.B.4 Statistics (4A and 4B)
4.C. Post-secondary vocational education
4.C.1 Curriculum
4.C.2 Assessment/qualifications/ guidance
4.C.3 Teachers
5. INITIAL VOCATIONAL EDUCATION AND TRAINING IN ALTERNANCE
5.1 Organisation
5.2 Vocational/initial training establishments
5.3 Access requirements
5.4 Financing
5.5 Assessment/qualifications
5.6 Teachers/ trainers
5.7 Statistics
6. TERTIARY EDUCATION
6.1 Admission
6.2 Fees
6.3 Academic year
6.4 Courses
6.5 Assessment/qualifications
6.6 Teachers
6.7 Quality assurance
6.8. Statistics
7. CONTINUING EDUCATION AND TRAINING FOR ADULTS
7.1 Specific legislative framework
7.2 Administration and management
7.3 Funding
7.4 Human resources
Author (Corp. Body): Education Information Network in the EuropeanUnion | Eurydice
Publisher: Education Information Network in the EuropeanUnion | Eurydice
Year: 2003
Language: en
Ressource: Einzelne Berichte, Studien
Keyword: vocational educationadult educationPolandschool level of education
Subject: Educational systems in generalAdult education. Education of foreignersVocational education and training
Countries Scheme: Poland
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Bitte beachten Sie die urheberrechtlichen Bedingungen der Dokumentenbenutzung / Please observe the copyright when accessing the document | Quelle / Source: Eurydice (http://www.eurydice.org/)
Title: Elargissement de l'Union européenne : faits et enjeux maritimes et portuaires
Abstract
The study analyses the characteristics of maritime transport in the 10 countries that will join the EU in 2004. The Baltic ports are regrouping in order to become a corridor for East-West transit. The result of their location is a service dominated by feeder lines, i.e. low volumes and fragmented stopovers distributed over short distances. The service is in general weekly or twice weekly, to and from the ports in the North of the EU or the transhipment ports of Scandinavia. Thus, regional connections and very specialised companies are emerging, such as for example the Northern Container Line (Latvia), almost exclusively dedicated to the transport of Ikea's 65 weekly containers. The Polish and Baltic ports are particularly dependent on their hinterland. For example, one third of Polish exports pass through the Gdynia-Gdansk complex. If Gdansk is Poland's oil port, Gdynia is the pole for "containers and miscellaneous goods" and Szczecin the dry bulk cargo centre. A legacy of the socialist period, the Baltic ports drain on average 44% of the traffic from and to the Commonwealth of Independent States, evaluated at more than 95 million tons. This share rises to even more than 70% for containers, chemicals and oil. For example, 90% of the activity of Tallin, the closest port to Moscow, is concerned with servicing Russia and Belarus; and Ventspils (Latvia) handles 12% of all the petroleum products exported by Russia. These ports are in a fragile position. Russia is putting up intense competition in order to recover part of the traffic. The competition between ports is accentuated even more on the one hand by the "Via Baltica" road project, a Trans-European corridor which will connect Warsaw to Helsinki, and on the other by the Finnish Helsinki-St Petersburg-Moscow link project. Sectoral diversification and the expansion of container traffic seems a possible source of development. In Poland the principal issues at stake are very different. Firstly, they concern the modernisation of infrastructures and land links, a ma
Author: Lacoste, Romuald | Mas, Sylvie | Terrassier, Nicolas
Series Title: Institut Supérieur d'Economie Maritime / Synthese; 54
Publisher: Institut Supérieur d'Economie Maritime
Year: 2003
Language: fr
Ressource: Einzelne Berichte, Studien
Keyword: Baltic StatesEU expansionseaMediterranean regionPolandtransportation
Subject: ECSC - Euratom - European Community research centresTransport networksFreight
Countries Scheme: Europe. General Resources
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Bitte beachten Sie die urheberrechtlichen Bedingungen der Dokumentenbenutzung / Please observe the copyright when accessing the document | Quelle / Source: Institut Supérieur d'Economie Maritime (http://www.isemar.asso.fr/)
Title: Preparing for the absorption of the Structural Funds in Poland
Title (other): Critical overview and recommendations
Abstract
The paper calls for an immediate start on the Polish national development plan for the period beyond 2006. The plan must be fundamentally different from the current National development plan for 2004-2006. First of all, it must cover a longer time span and focus on domestic development objectives and circumstances. While it should take into account the evolving EU cohesion policy, it must nevertheless stem from consideration given to Poland's strategic interests. It should give much more priority to economic development and entrepreneurship. It should be based on a domestic structural economic transformation strategy as well as a domestic regional development policy. The intellectual approach to the issue of the EU funds must change. The experience of EU member states shows that it is not as important what percentage of the funds is spent - which is what the Polish government is focusing on - as whether they are spent sensibly. This should be the focus of planners and decision-makers. The system of managing programmes financed under the Structural Funds after 2006 should be decentralised and simplified. 16 and not just one regional development operating programme should be established and provincial authorities should be granted wider executive powers. The organising and legislative work should be intensified in the run-up to May 2004, i.e. the day of Poland's accession to EU membership, so as to best use the EU funds granted for 2004-2006. Changes are particularly needed in the system of public finances, IT and financial spending control systems and administration training. [Urheber s. Copyright]
Author: Grzegorz Grosse, Tomasz | Olbrycht, Jan
Series Title: Institute of Public Affairs / Analyses & Opinions; 7
Publisher: Instytut Spraw Publicznych
Year: 2003
Language: en
Ressource: Einzelne Berichte, Studien
Keyword: EU expansionEuropean Structural Fundnational developmentPolandeconomic development (on national level)
Subject: European Community funds and financial instruments. EIBEconomic development. Economic growth
Countries Scheme: Poland
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Title: Costs and Benefits of Poland's Membership in the European Union
Abstract
The paper analyses the costs and benefits of Poland's membership in the European Union. It also analyses an alternative scenario, which assumes that Poland fails to join the European Union. The report presents two scenarios of the consequences (costs and benefits) of membership, taking into account the final results of accession negotiations. The consequences of Poland's integration with the European Union are analysed with respect to the three current pillars of EU policies. The analysis of the first pillar covers the most important Community policies. The benefits and costs of integration are thoroughly analysed in the areas of agriculture, social policy, environmental protection policy, research and development policy, trade policy, competition policy, transport policy, education and human resources. The paper also focuses on the other two pillars - the Common Foreign and Security Policy (including the creation of the framework for the European Security and Defence Policy) and internal security, co-operation in the area of the judiciary, the police and the customs. Here, the most important thing is the attempt to answer the question of what the political and institutional benefits of EU membership would be for Poland. The last section of the publication deals with social communication. It analyses the social consequences of membership of the EU and the public perceptions of these consequences. [Urheber s. Copyright]
Author (Corp. Body): Centrum Europejskie Natolin < Warsaw>
Year: 2003
ISBN / ISSN / Kat.Nr: 83-910358-8-3
Language: en
Ressource: Einzelne Berichte, Studien
Keyword: EU expansionCFSPintegrationPolandeconomic development (on national level)
Subject: European Community institutions and organsEuropean Community external relationsEconomic and growth policies
Countries Scheme: Poland
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Bitte beachten Sie die urheberrechtlichen Bedingungen der Dokumentenbenutzung / Please observe the copyright when accessing the document | Quelle / Source: Centrum Europejskie Natolin < Warsaw> (http://www.natolin.edu.pl/)
Title: A new Visegrad Group in the new European Union - possibilities and opportunities for development
Title (other): Nowa Grupa Wyszehradzka w nowej Unii Europejskiej – szanse i mozliwosci rozwoju
Abstract
Today, just as Europe is about to expand through the accession of new members such as Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary and six other countries, it is clearer than ever that the Visegrad Four's mission has not come to an end but is gaining new dimensions. The Visegrad Group has fulfilled the tasks that it set itself when it was established. It is advisable to lay out new tasks, suitable for the group's operation in the new European reality - following the EU accession of Visegrad countries in May 2004. The tasks faced by the Visegrad countries in the EU will require co-operation, exchange of information and openness between partners. Preparations for facing these tasks must begin now - open discussions regarding the Visegrad Group's future must be held within the region, priorities clearly defined, long- and short-term goals indicated and included in the new Visegrad Declaration. If we fail to do this, the Visegrad will almost certainly limit itself to meetings of politicians in central European castles, as Czech President Vaclav Klaus sees it. It is in the best interest of the central European region not to let this happen. [Urheber s. Copyright]
Author: Bukalska, Patrycja
Publisher: Osrodek Studiów Wschodnich
Year: 2003
Language: en | pol
Ressource: Einzelne Berichte, Studien
Keyword: EU expansionEuropean integrationEast Central EuropePoland
Subject: History of the European Communities. European ideaEuropean Community external relations
Countries Scheme: EASTERN EUROPESOUTHERN EUROPE
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Title: Debate on the new EU cohesion policy: Recommendations for the Polish position
Abstract
Basic assumptions of the EU's new cohesion policy for the years 2007-2013 will be probably worked out by the end of 2003. Based on the current debate, one may assume that they will not contain any breakthrough changes. Corrections to the existing system might include introduction of transition periods for regions which for statistical reasons will no longer be eligible for structural assistance. The future cohesion policy will probably proceed in two principal directions. One will primarily encompass assistance to regions whose economy is lagging behind with a view to achieving a greater cohesion on the territory of the European Union. The other will be increasingly involved with the implementation of the Lisbon strategy, particularly with the development of knowledge-based economy and achievement of the so-called sustainable development. It is highly probable that the cohesion policy will be somewhat decentralised in favour of individual countries and regions. Key decisions in this area will be taken by the present member states before Poland joins the EU. Still, since Poland is the largest country among the new members of the enlarged Union, its voice would certainly be heard during the decision-making process. One should bear in mind that the new regional policy will be operating to a large extent precisely to serve Poland's developmental needs. This is why it is extremely important for the Polish government to join the debate on the shape of the new cohesion policy. [Urheber s. Copyright]
Author: Grosse, Tomasz Grzegorz | Olbrycht, Jan
Series Title: Analyses & Opinions; 10
Publisher: Instytut Spraw Publicznych
Year: 2003
Language: en
Ressource: Einzelne Berichte, Studien
Keyword: EU expansionPolandregional policystructural policyeconomic development (on national level)
Subject: History of the European Communities. European ideaEuropean Community funds and financial instruments. EIBEconomic development. Economic growth
Countries Scheme: EASTERN EUROPE
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Title: Elections to the European Parliament 2004:
Title (other): Voter attendance and significance to the Polish electorate and political landscape
Abstract
Polish politicians are increasingly often referring to the prospect of next year's elections to the European Parliament. Voters, however, are still unaware of the fact that these elections are to take place. Only 27% of Poles know that they will be choosing their representatives to the European Parliament in general elections. The European Parliament plays only a minor role in the present institutional makeup of the European Union. Elections to the European Parliament do not entail any obvious political consequences. As a result, the significance of these elections to Western European politicians and voters is only secondary to national parliamentary elections. As a rule, they only play the role of a 'barometer' of the national political landscape, providing information on voter preferences that may later be used in national elections. Therefore, low voter turnout can be primarily attributed to the absence of political consequences of European elections, rather than to the rejection of the European integration ideal. Studies conducted with reference to current EU member states suggest that the following factors promote higher voter turnout in elections to the European Parliament: compulsory voting, concurrent national parliamentary elections, perceived weakness of domestic institutions and overall support for the country's membership of the EU. In Poland, owing to a very low assessment of domestic institutions and hopes placed in democratic institutions of the EU, as well as the fact that elections to the European Parliament will be an interesting novelty to Polish voters, one may expect a relatively high turnout. If European and national parliamentary elections are held at the same time, then even the opposite of the situation in Western Europe may occur: elections to the European Parliament might 'prop up' voter turnout at national parliamentary elections. [Urheber s. Copyright]
Author: Falkowski, Mateusz
Series Title: Analyses & Opinions; 11
Publisher: Instytut Spraw Publicznych
Year: 2003
Language: en
Ressource: Einzelne Berichte, Studien
Keyword: EU expansionelection to the European ParliamentPolandvoting pattern
Subject: History of the European Communities. European ideaEuropean Community institutionsElections. Electoral law
Countries Scheme: Poland
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Title: A United Front: European Union Enlargement, the Common Agricultural Policy, and Polish Agriculture
Abstract
The EU has a long history of successful enlargements. In 1957, six founding members -Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands - signed the Treaty of Rome. Since then, four enlargement waves have followed. However, the enlargement facing the EU today is without precedent in terms of scope and diversity. In particular, the EU has never before faced the proposition of a Polish candidacy and its agricultural sector. For their part, Poland and other candidate countries still have work to do in preparing for accession. Further, reform and modernisation of the Polish agricultural sector are necessary. Political management will be required from both Brussels and Warsaw. The paper provides a detailed background of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) as well as an overview of Polish agriculture and forecasts potential assimilation problems and their solutions. [Urheber s. Copyright]
Author: Kryn, Jeremy
Publisher: Center for International Private Enterprise
Year: 2003
Language: en
Ressource: Einzelne Berichte, Studien
Keyword: agricultural policyEU expansionPoland
Subject: History of the European Communities. European ideaAgricultural policy. Agricultural development
Countries Scheme: Poland
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Bitte beachten Sie die urheberrechtlichen Bedingungen der Dokumentenbenutzung / Please observe the copyright when accessing the document | Quelle / Source: Center for International Private Enterprise (http://www.cipe.org)
Title: Profile of the Visegrád Countries in the Future of Europe Debate
Abstract
Although the Visegrád Four countries often defended the same or similar positions in the European Convention, their views differed on many important issues. This situation is likely to be repeated at the upcoming Intergovernmental Conference. This basically confirms the tendency that can be traced back to the EU accession negotiations or the Iraq crisis. There, no substantial co-ordination occurred either. Given this, we can hardly expect the Visegrád countries to act as a compact block inside the EU. In some areas the interests of the Visegrád Four countries will converge, for instance concerning the communitarisation of large portions of the current IIIrd pillar, the restoring and keeping of strong transatlantic ties in the area of security and defence or the intensification of relations with the EU's immediate neighbourhood. In this respect, the Visegrád group will be supported by other countries in the region, especially Austria and Slovenia. A certain harmonisation of 'Central European' positions goes well beyond the Visegrád co-operation and encompasses other entities like the Central European Free Trade Agreement or the Central European Initiative. [Urheber s. Copyright]
Author: Král, David
Publisher: Institut pro Evropskou Politiku Europeum
Year: 2003
Language: en
Ressource: Einzelne Berichte, Studien
Keyword: EU expansionPolandSlovakiaCzech RepublicHungary
Subject: International relationsHistory of the European Communities. European ideaEuropean Community external relations
Countries Scheme: EASTERN EUROPE
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Bitte beachten Sie die urheberrechtlichen Bedingungen der Dokumentenbenutzung / Please observe the copyright when accessing the document | Quelle / Source: Institut pro Evropskou Politiku Europeum (http://www.europeum.org/)
Title: Consumer inflation expectations in Poland
Abstract
Inflation expectations constitute a subject of particular contemporary interest to central banks, especially those pursuing a monetary policy based on a strategy of direct inflation targeting. Macroeconomic theory indicates that the transmission of monetary policy impulses and their impact on the real and nominal sectors of the economy bear a close relationship to properties of inflation expectations. Qualitative data on inflation expectations, as obtained from surveys, can be quantified with the use of probability or regression methods. This paper presents the results of two versions of the probability method, implemented in order to estimate numerical measures of Polish consumer inflation expectations, based on the monthly Ipsos-Demoskop survey. In addition, the unbiasedness and macroeconomic efficiency of Polish consumer inflation expectations are tested, as are the way in which these are formed. The pattern of responses to the survey question and quantified measures of Polish consumer inflation expectations are also compared with the respective findings for the euro area. [Tomasz £yziak]
Author: £yziak, Tomasz
Series Title: Working paper series / European Central Bank ; 287
Publisher: European Central Bank
Year: 2003
Language: en
Ressource: Einzelne Arbeitspapiere, Preprints
Keyword: Monetary PolicyInflation expectationsPolandConsumersCentral Bankmonetary policyinflationPoland
consumercentral bank
Subject: Economic conditionsCurrency. Monetary policy
Countries Scheme: Poland
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Bitte beachten Sie die urheberrechtlichen Bedingungen der Dokumentenbenutzung / Please observe the copyright when accessing the document | Quelle / Source: Europäische Zentralbank (http://www.ecb.int)
Title: Nice or bust : The Polish position after the Brussels Summit
Abstract
The paper states that Poland appears determined to maintain its uncompromising position following the failure of the Brussels Summit to reach agreement on the draft constitution. Both the government and opposition are declaring that no compromise is possible other than to wait until at least 2009 before deciding whether to change the Nice voting system. Fears still linger in Poland of a dominant Germany in Europe. And Poland's Government is afraid of the political effects of claims German citizens might make on Poland for property lost since 1939 once the country joins the EU. But in fact, Poland appears to be fighting to retain the ability to block EU decisions - which the Nice formula enables - in order to be able to reverse the stringent financial terms it was handed at the Copenhagen Summit. This combination of a united political class backed by the population and opinion-makers makes it difficult to see what kind of compromise on the constitution can be worked out in the coming months. It appears that Poland is boxing itself into a British position in terms of public opinion: opinion polls show that Polish support for pro-European policies is falling. Last July, 57% per cent of Poles thought that EU membership was a good thing, but that figure slipped to 40% in November 2003. [Urheber s. Copyright]
Author: Bobinski, Krzysztof
Publisher: Unia & Polska Foundation, Warsaw
Year: 2003
Language: en
Ressource: Einzelne Berichte, Studien
Keyword: EU expansionpublic opinionPoland
Subject: History of the European Communities. European ideaPolitical aspects. Doctrines
Countries Scheme: Poland
Online Ressource: vorübergehend nicht erreichbar!
Bitte beachten Sie die urheberrechtlichen Bedingungen der Dokumentenbenutzung / Please observe the copyright when accessing the document | Quelle / Source: Unia & Polska Foundation, Warsaw (http://www.epin.org/)
Title: Analytical Report PHARE RAXEN_CC Minority Education - RAXEN_CC National Focal Point Poland
Title (other): Education of the national and ethic minorities in Poland
Author (Corp. Body): European Monitoring Centre on Racism and Xenophobia
Contributer: Helsinki Foundation for Human Rights
Publisher: European Monitoring Centre on Racism and Xenophobia
Year: 2004
Language: en
Ressource: Einzelne Berichte, Studien
Keyword: education systemequal opportunityethnic groupPoland
Subject: Educational systems in general
Countries Scheme: Poland
Online Ressource: vorübergehend nicht erreichbar!
Bitte beachten Sie die urheberrechtlichen Bedingungen der Dokumentenbenutzung / Please observe the copyright when accessing the document | Quelle / Source: Fundamental Rights Agency (http://fra.europa.eu)
Title: Migration trends in selected applicant countries : Volume III Poland
Title (other): Dilemmas of a sending and receiving country
Abstract
Emigration, both politically and economically determined, has always been a phenomenon firmly present in the history as well as in the consciousness of the Poles. Throughout Polish history migration flows were initiated either by political factors (dissidents fleeing political repressions at the hands of the occupants or the communist regime) or economic ones (peasants of the overpopulated countryside leaving 'in search of bread'). The result of more than 100 years of intensive emigration was the development of a Polish diaspora spread throughout the world (Walaszek 2001); the building-up of migration networks facilitating foreign migration and the generation from international migration of an easily available means of accumulating capital and resolving short-term economic difficulties.Notwithstanding the scale and significance assumed by migration, accessible statistical data do not allow for an accurate estimation of the flows to and from Poland. Measurement of foreign migration is based first and foremost on registration and deregistration, rather than on people's real movements. Data from various sources are not compatible, and frequently even conflict with one another (Sakson 2002). This in part due to methodological limitations (with information on migration being collected ex ante, which is to say that a person who intends to emigrate declares both that intention and the planned length of stay), but also to some extent reflects economic considerations (other forms of measurement like the British International Passenger Survey are very costly), as well as civilisational changes shaping new forms of international mobility (i.e. circular or irregular migration), that fall outside the definitions and methods of measurement employed hitherto. [Urheber s. Copyright]
Author: Korys, Izabela
Publisher: International Organization for Migration
Year: 2004
ISBN / ISSN / Kat.Nr: 92-9068-183-7
Language: en
Ressource: Einzelne Berichte, Studien
Keyword: immigrationEUeastwards expansionPoland
Subject: European Communities. European UnionEmployment and unemploymentAspects of migration
Countries Scheme: Europe. General ResourcesPoland
Online Ressource: vorübergehend nicht erreichbar!
Bitte beachten Sie die urheberrechtlichen Bedingungen der Dokumentenbenutzung / Please observe the copyright when accessing the document | Quelle / Source: International Organization for Migration (http://www.iom.int/)
Title: Institutional change and economic performance in transition economies: the case of Poland
Abstract
Central and East European countries (CEEC) differ significantly with regards to their economic performance despite the fact that external policy prescriptions are very similar in all these countries. Extreme diversity and fragility in the performance of the main economic variables such as GDP growth, unemployment rates, public debt, trade balance and inflation are evident. Moreover, there seems to be no significant convergence on GDP level of the European Union but a considerable divergence among the CEECs and their regions can be observed. This paper argues that the fragility of economic performance is due to a certain level of institutional instability and a lack of consolidating the new institutional arrangements. The behaviour of economic agents is affected not only by formal institutions such as law, new constitutions and organisations, but also by social norms, old values and habits. There has been little consistency between formal and informal institutions since the new institutions were built on the dichotomy between old rules and new formal rules. The inconsistency between both seems to affect economic growth. The paper focuses primarily on Poland as a case study. In Poland, the accession towards the EU and the strong increase in foreign direct investments (FDI) has had a significant impact on growth and trade as well on the institutions of the Polish economy. The paper points out that the Polish economy is affected adversely by such factors as inconsistency between informal rules and new institutional settlement, fragility in the attitudes and behaviour of enterprises and problems of trust between economic agents. The paper consists of two main sections. The first section introduces some basic definitions and a brief overview of the relevant literature. The second section presents a model which shows the dynamic evolution of institutions. [Urheber s. Copyright]
Author: Tridico, Pasquale
Series Title: SEI working paper; 74
Publisher: Sussex European Institute
Year: 2004
Language: en
Ressource: Einzelne Berichte, Studien
Keyword: EU expansioninstitutional changeinstitutional economicseconomic changePoland
Subject: European Community budget and financial managementEconomic policy and planningEconomic development. Economic growth
Countries Scheme: Poland
Online Ressource: vorübergehend nicht erreichbar!
Bitte beachten Sie die urheberrechtlichen Bedingungen der Dokumentenbenutzung / Please observe the copyright when accessing the document | Quelle / Source: Sussex European Institute (http://www.sussex.ac.uk/sei/)
Title: Third cohesion report of the European commission - conclusions for Poland
Author: Grzegroz Grosse, Tomasz | Olbrycht, Jan
Series Title: Analyses & Opinions ; 23 | Analizy i Opinie ; 23
Publisher: Instytut Spraw Publicznych
Year: 2004
Language: en
Ressource: Einzelne Berichte, Studien
Keyword: EU expansionPolandregional policy
Subject: European Communities and European Union in generalDevelopment plans. Regions
Countries Scheme: Poland
Online Ressource: vorübergehend nicht erreichbar!
Bitte beachten Sie die urheberrechtlichen Bedingungen der Dokumentenbenutzung / Please observe the copyright when accessing the document | Quelle / Source: Instytut Spraw Publicznych (http://www.isp.org.pl/)
Title: Follow-up of the Action Plan on language learning and linguistic diversity - National Report Template: Country POLAND
Author (Corp. Body): European Commission / Directorate General for Education and Culture
Year: 2006
Language: en
Ressource: Einzelne Berichte, Studien
Keyword: foreign languagelife-long learningPolandlanguage lessons
Subject: Education and training
Countries Scheme: Poland
Online Ressource: vorübergehend nicht erreichbar!
Bitte beachten Sie die urheberrechtlichen Bedingungen der Dokumentenbenutzung / Please observe the copyright when accessing the document | Quelle / Source: Europäische Kommission (http://www.ec.europa.eu/)
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