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ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 OBJECTIVES OF THE EVALUATION
1.2 SCOPE OF THE EVALUATION
1.3 METHODOLOGY
1.4 CONSTRAINTS AND LIMITATIONS
1.5 OVERVIEW OF THE REPORT
2. PRE-ACCESSION CONTEXT
2.1 HUMAN RIGHTS AND JUDICIARY IN PRE-ACCESSION TURKEY
2.2 EU ASSISTANCE TO TURKEY
2.3 EVALUATION PORTFOLIO
3. EVALUATION OF THE PORTFOLIO
3.1 RELEVANCE
3.2 EFFECTIVENESS
3.3 EFFICIENCY
3.4 SUSTAINABILITY
3.5 IMPACT
4. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
4.1 CONCLUSIONS
4.2 RECOMMENDATIONS ON PROGRAMMING
4.3 RECOMMENDATIONS ON PROJECT DESIGN AND MANAGEMENT
ANNEX 1: TERMS OF REFERENCE
ANNEX 2: LIST OF PEOPLE INTERVIEWED
ANNEX 3: MAPPING OF JHR PORTFOLIO
ANNEX 4: LIST OF ACCESSION PARTNERSHIPS’ PRIORITIES
ANNEX 5: LIST OF ALL JHR-RELATED PROJECT, 2004-2011

The purpose of this ex post thematic evaluation is to review 1999-2001 Phare environment programmes and post-2001 allocations to Phare environment programmes. Its overall objective is to provide accountability with respect to the use of European Commission funds,and lessons learned for decision-making on improvements in pre-accession aid to remaining and future candidate countries....The purpose of this ex post thematic evaluation is to review 1999-2001 Phare environment programmes as well as post-2001 allocations to Phare environment programmes. It forms part of a broader Phare ex post evaluation exercise that covers Phare multi-beneficiary programmes(Phase 1), national and cross border co-operation programmes (Phase 2), and the thematic evaluations (Phase 3).This report was prepared during April and June 2006,1 and took account of developments up to and including the end of May 2006. The evaluation is based on an analysis of documents provided at the start, during and on completion of the Programmes, including previous ex post and interim evaluations, and on interviews with beneficiaries and stakeholders. It examines the performance of the programmes in addressing the objectives stated in the formal programming documents, provides a general assessment of the programmes and draws conclusions and lessons learned from them.Following a sample approach this evaluation had its geographical focus on Bulgaria and Romania and three 2004 new member states (Latvia, Poland and Slovenia).[Author vide copyright]

GLOSSARY OF ACRONYMS
PREFACE
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
MAIN REPORT
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1. Objectives
1.2. Background and Context
1.3. Evaluation Questions
1.4. Sources of evidence and sample project database
1.5. Limitations affecting the evaluation
2. STRATEGY, IMPLEMENTATION AND EFFECTS
2.1. Assistance followed pre-accession strategy closely but was hampered by weak design
2.2. Coverage of the components of the environment acquis was not well balanced
2.3. Cost-effectiveness improved with time but was hampered by inefficient procedures
2.4. Considerable catalytic effect with both ISPA and other donor funds
2.5. Assistance was a successful agent for change, but wider impact was limited
2.6. A good basis for sustainability was established
2.7. Positive but moderate contribution to economic and social cohesion
2.8. Assistance supported Environmental Policy Integration indirectly
2.9. Phare assistance has generally performed well but there is still much to do
3. CONCLUSIONS, LESSONS LEARNED AND RECOMMENDATIONS
3.1. Conclusions
3.2. Recommendations
3.3. Lessons learned
ANNEXES
Annex 1. Terms of Reference
Annex 2. Distribution of Phare environment funding by country and by
Annex 3. Phare environment projects in database
Annex 4. Environmental expenditure in the public sector
Annex 5. Typical Phare environment outputs
Annex 6. May 2006 Monitoring Reports on Bulgaria and Romania
Annex 7. World Bank Indicators 2005 – Environment Government Commitment
Annex 8. List of Documents
Annex 9. List of Interviews

EU funding mechanisms relevant to integrated child protection systems
JUST/Rights, equality and citizenship programme 2014-2020
JUST/Justice programme 2014-2020
HOME/Asylum, Migration and Integration Fund (AMIF) 2014-2020
HOME/Preparatory Action Rehabilitation of Victims of Torture - 2014
HOME/Internal Security Fund - Borders (ISF-Borders)
HOME/Internal Security Fund - Police (ISF-Police)
ECHO/Humanitarian Aid and Civil Protection Budget 2014-2020
EMPL/Employment and Social Innovation Programme 2014-2020 (EaSI)
EMPL/Fund for European Aid to the Most Deprived 2014-2020 (FEAD)
EMPL/European Social Fund 2014-2020 (ESF)
REGIO/European Regional Development Fund 2014-2020 (ERDF)
EMPL/Creative Europe Programme 2014-2020
Service for Foreign Policy Instruments/Instrument contributing to Stability and Peace (IcSP)
RTD-CNECT/Horizon 2020 (2014-2020)/Societal Challenges
SANTE/Third Health Programme 2014-2020
EEAS/European Neighbourhood Instrument 2014-2020 (ENI)
DEVCO/European Instrument for Democracy and Human Rights (EIDHR) 2014-2020
DEVCO/Global Public Goods and Challenges 2014-2020 under the Development Cooperation Instrument (DCI) regulation
AGRI/Community-Led Local Development 2014-2020 (CLLD)
SANTE/Consumer Programme 2014-2020
REGIO/Macro-Regional Strategies
NEAR/Instrument for Pre-accession Assistance 2014-2020 (IPA II)

Message from Commissioner Neven Mimica
Foreword
Executive Summary
Section 1
Development Progress in Partner Countries
Development Progress by Sector
...
Section 2
Partner Country Results supported by the EU
2.1 EU Contribution to results in partner countries: Aggregated results
Results by sector
...
2.2 Results achieved with EU contribution for individual countries: Non-aggregated results
Afghanistan
Algeria
Angola
Armenia
Azerbaijan
Bangladesh
Benin
Bolivia
Brazil
Burkina-Faso
Cambodia
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Central african Republic
Chad
Colombia
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Cote d'Ivoire
Cuba
Dominican Republic
El Salvador
Eritrea
Ethiopiaa
Fiji, Wallis and Futuna, French Polynesia, Kiribati, Tonga
Georgia
India
Indonesia
Iraq
Jamaica
Jordan
Kazakhstan
Kenya
Democratic People's Republic of Korea
Kyrgyz Republic
Lebanon
Lesotho
Liberia
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Moldova
Morocco
Mozambique
Myanmar/Burma
Namibia
Nicaragua
Niger
Occupied Palestinian Territory
Pakistan
Papua New Guinea
Peru
Philippines
Senegal
Sierra Leone
Solomon Islands and Vanuatu
Somalia
South Africa
South Sudan
Sri Lanka
Sudan
Syria
Tajikistan
Tanzania
Thailand
Timor-Leste
Togo
Tunisia
Uganda
Vietnam
Yemen
Zambia
Zimbabwe
2.3 Results achieved with EU contribution for thematic programmes: Non-aggregated results
...
Section 3
The European Commission's organisational performance as the manager of the EU aid
Annexes
...

A team of eight experts has conducted an independent evaluation of eleven years (2004-2014) of implementation of the EU Action Plan on Forest Law Enforcement Governance andTrade (FLEGT), commissionedby the European Commission through the European Forest Institute.The Evaluation Report comprises two volumes: Volume 1, the Main Report, presents the evaluation approach and methodology, gives an overview of the Action Plan, its genesis, objectives and structure, and documents the state of play of implementation in the seven Action Areas, against initial expectations. It then answers the ten evaluation questions around which the evaluation has been structured, which relate to the five OECD/DAC evaluation criteria (relevance, effectiveness, efficiency, impact, sustainability) and two criteria that apply to EC policies (coherence/ complementarity and Community value added).Volume 2 contains all supporting documentation, in particular Survey results and (24) Aide-memoires on FLEGT in EU Member States, VPA countries and other timber producer and consumer countries. It also presents a detailed report on VPAs, covering two key areas of the Action Plan in more detail: (1) Support to timber-producing countries and (2) Trade in timber.The report draws lessons and conclusions and presents ten key messages and detailed corresponding recommendations to guide future EU efforts on FLEGT and, more broadly, on reversing the loss of forest cover and promoting sustainable management of forest resources.[Author vide copyright]

ABSTRACT
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
1 INTRODUCTION TO THE EVALUATION
1.1 BACKGROUND
1.2 OBJECTIVES
1.3 SCOPE
1.4 THE REPORT
2 EVALUATION METHODOLOGY
2.1 OVERALL APPROACH, PROCESS AND TIMEFRAME
2.2 SOURCES OF INFORMATION
2.3 REFLECTIONS ON THE METHODOLOGY
3 THE EU FLEGT ACTION PLAN
3.1 GENESIS OF THE ACTION PLAN
3.2 OBJECTIVES, STRATEGY AND STRUCTURE
3.3 DELIVERY ARCHITECTURE
3.4 IMPLEMENTATION TIMELINE
4 IMPLEMENTATION STATE OF PLAY
4.1 SUPPORT TO TIMBER PRODUCING COUNTRIES
4.2 TRADE IN TIMBER
4.3 PUBLIC PROCUREMENT
4.4 PRIVATE SECTOR INITIATIVES
4.5 FINANCE AND INVESTMENT SAFEGUARDS
4.6 USE OF EXISTING LEGISLATIVE INSTRUMENTS
4.7 CONFLICT TIMBER
5 ANSWERS TO THE EVALUATION QUESTIONS
5.1 RELEVANCE OF THE ACTION PLAN
5.2 DESIGN OF THE ACTION PLAN
5.3 EFFECTIVENESS OF THE FLEGT ACTION PLAN
5.4 IMPLEMENTATION AND MANAGEMENT OF THE ACTION PLAN
5.5 ACHIEVEMENT OF FLEGT OBJECTIVES
5.6 EMERGENT OUTCOMES OF FLEGT ACTION
5.7 ACHIEVEMENT OF HIGHER OBJECTIVES OF FLEGT
5.8 COST-EFFECTIVENESS OF FLEGT
5.9 SUSTAINABILITY OF FLEGT ACTION
5.10 COHERENCE AND EU VALUE ADDED
6 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS6.1 CONCLUSIONS
6.2 RECOMMENDATIONS
7 APPENDICES
Figures
Tables
Acronyms
| Volume 2
Annex 1 Terms of Reference for Evaluation of the EU FLEGT Action Plan
Annex 2 Organisations and persons consulted
Annex 3 Evaluation methodologies and instruments
Annex 4 Results of the written consultations
Annex 5 Country Aide Memoires (MS, VPA and other)
Annex 6 Bibliography
Volume 2:Annex 7 Special report on VPAs
1. INTRODUCTION TO THE SPECIAL REPORT
1.1 BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
1.2 SCOPE
1.3 ORGANISATION OF THE REPORT
2. PROGRESS ON CORE ELEMENTS OF THE VPAS
2.1 OVERVIEW OF PROGRESS MADE IN NEGOTIATION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF VPAS
2.2 REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN TIMBER LEGALITY ASSURANCE SYSTEMS
2.3 CONCLUSIONS ON PROGRESS AND TLAS DEVELOPMENT
3. CONTRIBUTION TO DIRECT FLEGT OBJECTIVES
3.1 CHANGES IN FOREST GOVERNANCE
3.2 CONCLUSIONS ON VPAS CONTRIBUTION TO FLEGT DIRECT OBJECTIVES
4. CONTRIBUTION OF VPAS TO HIGHER FLEGT OBJECTIVES
4.1 FOREST CONDITION AND USE OF SFM PRINCIPLES
4.2 ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
4.3 DOMESTIC MARKET DEVELOPMENT
4.4 LIVELIHOOD AND POVERTY
4.5 CONCLUSIONS ON VPAS CONTRIBUTION TO HIGHER OBJECTIVES
5. CONCLUSIONS FROM AIDE-MEMOIRES ON OTHER PRODUCER COUNTRIES
6. MAIN CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
APPENDICES
APPENDIX 1: CHANGES IN FOREST GOVERNANCE IN VPA COUNTRIES
APPENDIX 2: CONTRIBUTION OF VPA PROCESS TO HIGHER FLEGT OBJECTIVES