Suche nach Schlagworten '00007816'

1. EINLEITUNG
2. POLITISCHE KRITERIEN
2.1. Gesamtbewertung
3. WIRTSCHAFTLICHE KRITERIEN
3.1. Gesamtbewertung
4. AUS DEN BEITRITTSVERHANDLUNGEN RESULTIERENDE ANFORDERUNGEN UND VERPFLICHTUNGEN
4.1. Die Kapitel des Besitzstands
4.1.1. Kapitel 1: Freier Warenverkehr
4.1.2. Kapitel 2: Freizügigkeit
4.1.3. Kapitel 3: Freier Dienstleistungsverkehr
4.1.4. Kapitel 4: Freier Kapitalverkehr
4.1.5. Kapitel 5: Gesellschaftsrecht
4.1.6. Kapitel 6: Wettbewerbspolitik
4.1.7. Kapitel 7: Landwirtschaft
4.1.8. Kapitel 8: Fischerei
4.1.9. Kapitel 10: Steuern
4.1.10. Kapitel 13: Soziales und Beschäftigung
4.1.11. Kapitel 15: Industriepolitik
4.1.12. Kapitel 18: Allgemeine und berufliche Bildung
4.1.13. Kapitel 20: Kultur und audiovisuelle Medien
4.1.14. Kapitel 21: Regionalpolitik und Koordinierung der strukturpolitischen Instrumente
4.1.15. Kapitel 22: Umwelt
4.1.16. Kapitel 24: Zusammenarbeit im Bereich Justiz und Inneres
4.1.17. Kapitel 25: Zollunion
4.1.18. Kapitel 28: Finanzkontrolle
4.2. Übersetzung des Besitzstands ins Rumänische
4.3. Gesamtbewertung

Phare support to SME development has mainly consisted of technical assistance and advisory services to national institutions, support to SME policy and legislative development and financial support for SME development. Progress has been made in tackling problems inherited from the past, as well as in developing a favourable environment for the creation of new companies. However, formation and survival rates of SME are still well below the EU average and as such there are a number of challenges to be faced at both the enterprise and government levels....The principal objective of this Report is to identify lessons and make recommendations for the design of future SME programmes, based on a desk analysis of the conclusions and findings of Phare Programme Monitoring and Assessment Reports, Country Assessment Reviews, other monitoring data and strategic planning documents produced within the Candidate countries, and interviews with key stakeholders.[Author vide copyright]

ABSTRACT
TABLE OF CONTENTS
GLOSSARY OF ACRONYMS
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
PREFACEI. THE REPORT
1. BACKGROUND
2. OBJECTIVES AND SCOPE OF WORK
3. THE PRESENT STATUS OF SME DEVELOPMENT WITHIN THE CANDIDATE COUNTRIES
3.1The Analysis
4. THE CONTRIBUTION OF THE PHARE PROGRAMME TO SME DEVELOPMENT
4.1 Phare support to the SME Sector
4.2 Phare National Programmes
5. RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Completing structural reforms
5.2 Benchmarking the SME sector at national level
5.3 Definition and approval of multi-annual SME Development Strategies
5.4 Contribute to the development of a coherent National Business Support System
5.5 Improving the business environment
5.6 Specific measures to support and encourage innovative approaches
5.7 Promoting better access to finance
5.8 Addressing the future utilisation of Structural Funds
5.9 Human resources development programmes to strengthen entrepreneurial skills
II ANNEXES
ANNEX 1. FACT-FINDING MEETINGS WITH PHARE COUNTRY CO-ORDINATORS AND IDENTIFICATION OF PRIORITIES TO BE ADDRESSED AT COUNTRY LEVEL
ANNEX 2. INVESTMENT SUPPORT FROM STRUCTURAL FUNDS
ANNEX 3. THEMATIC ASSESSMENT MATRIX DEFINING EVALUATION CRITERIA FOR SELECTED MEASURES
ANNEX 4. POLICY, REGULATORY, SUPPORT AND INSTITUTIONAL ISSUES TO BE ADDRESSED AT COUNTRY LEVEL
ANNEX 5. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR AN SME BENCHMARK ANALYSIS
ANNEX 6. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR AN APPROACH TO THE RATIONALISATION OF THE BUSINESS SUPPORT NETWORKS
ANNEX 7. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE STRENGTHENING OF THE BUSINESS INCUBATOR NETWORKS
ANNEX 8. COUNTRY STUDIES STATISTICAL SUMMARY
ANNEX 9. COUNTRY STUDIES
BULGARIA
CZECH REPUBLIC
ESTONIA
HUNGARY
LATVIA
LITHUANIA
POLAND
ROMANIA
SLOVAKIA
SLOVENIA
ANNEX 10. NINE KEY OBJECTIVES FOR THE ACQUIS COMMUNAUTAIRE FOR SME DEVELOPMENT
ANNEX 11. STATUS OF IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PHARE-EBRD SME FACILITY
ANNEX 12. LIST OF INTERVIEWS

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
RÉSUMÉ
ZUSAMMENFASSUNG
INTRODUCTION
1 GENERAL LEGAL FRAMEWORK
2 THE DEFINITION OF DISCRIMINATION
...
3 PERSONAL AND MATERIAL SCOPE
...
4 EXCEPTIONS
...
5 POSITIVE ACTION (Article 5 Directive 2000/43, Article 7 Directive 2000/78)
...
6 REMEDIES AND ENFORCEMENT
...
7 BODIES FOR THE PROMOTION OF EQUAL TREATMENT (Article 13 Directive 2000/43)
8 IMPLEMENTATION ISSUES
...
9 COORDINATION AT NATIONAL LEVEL
10 CURRENT BEST PRACTICES
11 SENSITIVE OR CONTROVERSIAL ISSUES...
12 LATEST DEVELOPMENTS
ANNEX 1: TABLE OF KEY NATIONAL ANTI-DISCRIMINATION LEGISLATION
ANNEX 2: TABLE OF INTERNATIONAL INSTRUMENTS

This ex post evaluation addresses the EU/EC’s pre-accession assistance provided to the twelve countries that acceded to the European Union as part of the ‘fifth wave’ of EU enlargement, i.e. Cyprus, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovakia, and Slovenia on 01/05/2004, and Bulgaria and Romania on 01/01/2007. It marked an unprecedented enlargement in terms of scope, of complexity and its diversity; extending EU membership from 15 to 27 countries. Regarding the countries of Central and Eastern Europe, following the events of 1989 leading to the collapse of the communist political system, the EU/EC established the PHARE programme as the main legal instrument for the provision of financial assistance to those countries. Regarding the countries Cyprus and Malta, both of which secured independence from the UK in the early-1960s, the EU/EC’s pre-accession assistance was provided, 2000-2003, under a specific instrument.Following their accession to the EU, each of the twelve countries covered under this ex postevaluation received limited, additional support under the Transition Facility to consolidate their administrative capacity to implement and enforce the acquis and to address issues for which individual countries had negotiated a transition period –2004-2006 for the countries acceding in 2004 and in 2007 for Bulgaria and Romania. The Transition Facility is also addressed by this ex postevaluation.[Author vide copyright]

Glossary of Acronyms
Executive Summary
Main Report
1. Introduction
Scope of the Evaluation
Objectives of the Evaluation
Methodology
Structure of the Evaluation Report
2. PHARE Programme
3. Evaluation Findings
3.1. Impact and Sustainability of PHARE/Pre-Accession Financial Assistance
Coherency and effectiveness of the programming process was mixed
The selection of relevant and efficient delivery instruments for programme implementation
The allocation of EC funding for PHARE programmes peaked in 2002-2003
Effectiveness in the delivery and utilisation of PHARE support was mixed
Delivery of the intended results faced a number of challenges
Impacts of the assistance in selected sectors per country and other programmes
Partially mixed evidence of immediate impact,but clearer medium-term benefits
Key limitations to the achievement of impacts
Sustainability of the reforms and benefits is, broadly, satisfactory
But risks to the sustainability of the reforms and benefits exist
3.2. Socio, Economic and Institutional Impact of the Enlargement Process
Economic Development
Innovation
Labour
Government
3.3. Synergies between Accession Strategy, Policy Dialogue, and Financial Assistance
4. Overall Conclusions (Lessons Learned)
5. Recommendations
Annexes

Migration is a rather new phenomenon in Romania after 1990. The difference between in-flows and out-flows is significantly in favour of out-migrants in terms of volumes and experiences. The explanation is quite straightforward, when one thinks of the economic potential of Romania. The labour market is not very attractive and the business environment is under continuous change. That is why there is a common perception, supported by data and information coming from authorities, that Romania has been mostly a transit country and not a destination country. However, there is a risk to ignore future trends and not to be prepared for the expected moment when more immigrants from Middle East, Africa and Former Soviet Union republics will decide to settle on the Romanian territory and not just heading to more developed economies. This moment is likely to happen close to 2007, the Romanian accession year to the EU.In terms of out-flows probably labour migration is the most important form of Romanians moving to a foreign country. Student mobility represents less than one-fifth of the total volume of migrant workers after 1990 and emigration for good has been constantly declining since 1995. The push economic factors are the most important in generating migration flows, but relative deprivation at the level of small communities is the engine to perpetuate migration flows. 2001 is a crucial year for labour migration, after EU lifting visa requirements for Romanian citizens. Although this decision was followed by drastic control measures and sanctions from the Romanian authorities, the 3 months period for travelling in any EU country either created opportunities for migrants to find a legal job or stimulated an inventive mechanism of 3 months job replacement (one job - several workers). [Urheber s. Copyright]

The Pannonian Region is dominated by a large fl at alluvial basin that is transected from north to south by two major rivers – the Danube and Tisza. Once an ancient inland sea, the basin is almost completely enclosed on all sides by low-lying hills and mountains. To the north and east lie the Carpathians, to the west the Alps and, to the south, the Dinarics. All of Hungary is included in the Pannonian Region as are peripheral areas of Slovakia, the Czech Republic and Romania within the EU, as well as Serbia, Croatia and the Ukraine outside the EU.[Author vide copyright]

Within the EU, the Steppic Region is found only in one Member State: Romania. It begins east of the capital city of Bucharest and incorporates the entire eastern region known as Dobrogea. It is characterised by low-lying plains and undulating hills or plateaus with an average height of 200–300 metres.[Author vide copyright]

The aim of this paper is provide an overview of European studies in Romania try to offer some information and perspectives which can help both Romanian institutions and the community of scholars in gearing their policies and efforts towards a faster institutionalisation of this research area. The paper concludes that there are a number of similarities with several other EU member states and accession countries. The paper starts with a basic evaluation of the disciplinary links between political science, international relations and European studies in Romania. This is followed by a look into the patterns of co-operation between Romanian universities, both inside and outside the country. It then moves to the description of dominant approaches in studying and teaching European integration. Next is the presentation of two alternative visions on the development of European studies in Romania and in other accession countries. Special attention is given to think thanks and NGO's that focus on the EU and whose aim it is to promote the study of European integration in Romania. [Urheber s. Copyright]

The purpose of this ex post thematic evaluation is to review 1999-2001 Phare environment programmes and post-2001 allocations to Phare environment programmes. Its overall objective is to provide accountability with respect to the use of European Commission funds,and lessons learned for decision-making on improvements in pre-accession aid to remaining and future candidate countries....The purpose of this ex post thematic evaluation is to review 1999-2001 Phare environment programmes as well as post-2001 allocations to Phare environment programmes. It forms part of a broader Phare ex post evaluation exercise that covers Phare multi-beneficiary programmes(Phase 1), national and cross border co-operation programmes (Phase 2), and the thematic evaluations (Phase 3).This report was prepared during April and June 2006,1 and took account of developments up to and including the end of May 2006. The evaluation is based on an analysis of documents provided at the start, during and on completion of the Programmes, including previous ex post and interim evaluations, and on interviews with beneficiaries and stakeholders. It examines the performance of the programmes in addressing the objectives stated in the formal programming documents, provides a general assessment of the programmes and draws conclusions and lessons learned from them.Following a sample approach this evaluation had its geographical focus on Bulgaria and Romania and three 2004 new member states (Latvia, Poland and Slovenia).[Author vide copyright]

GLOSSARY OF ACRONYMS
PREFACE
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
MAIN REPORT
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1. Objectives
1.2. Background and Context
1.3. Evaluation Questions
1.4. Sources of evidence and sample project database
1.5. Limitations affecting the evaluation
2. STRATEGY, IMPLEMENTATION AND EFFECTS
2.1. Assistance followed pre-accession strategy closely but was hampered by weak design
2.2. Coverage of the components of the environment acquis was not well balanced
2.3. Cost-effectiveness improved with time but was hampered by inefficient procedures
2.4. Considerable catalytic effect with both ISPA and other donor funds
2.5. Assistance was a successful agent for change, but wider impact was limited
2.6. A good basis for sustainability was established
2.7. Positive but moderate contribution to economic and social cohesion
2.8. Assistance supported Environmental Policy Integration indirectly
2.9. Phare assistance has generally performed well but there is still much to do
3. CONCLUSIONS, LESSONS LEARNED AND RECOMMENDATIONS
3.1. Conclusions
3.2. Recommendations
3.3. Lessons learned
ANNEXES
Annex 1. Terms of Reference
Annex 2. Distribution of Phare environment funding by country and by
Annex 3. Phare environment projects in database
Annex 4. Environmental expenditure in the public sector
Annex 5. Typical Phare environment outputs
Annex 6. May 2006 Monitoring Reports on Bulgaria and Romania
Annex 7. World Bank Indicators 2005 – Environment Government Commitment
Annex 8. List of Documents
Annex 9. List of Interviews

TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1: FREE MOVEMENT OF GOODS
CHAPTER 2: FREE MOVEMENT OF PERSONS
CHAPTER 3: FREEDOM TO PROVIDE SERVICES
CHAPTER 4: FREE MOVEMENT OF CAPITAL
CHAPTER 5: COMPANY LAW
CHAPTER 6: COMPETITION POLICY
CHAPTER 7: AGRICULTURE
CHAPTER 8: FISHERIES
CHAPTER 9: TRANSPORT POLICY
CHAPTER 10: TAXATION..
CHAPTER 11: ECONOMIC AND MONETARY UNION
CHAPTER 12: STATISTIKS
CHAPTER 13: SOCIAL POLICY AND EMPLOYMENT
CHAPTER 14: ENERGY
CHAPTER 15: INDUSTRIAL POLICY
CHAPTER 16: SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISES
CHAPTER 17: SCIENCE AND RESEARCH
CHAPTER 18: EDUCATION AND TRAINING
CHAPTER 19: TELECOMMUNICATIONS AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES
CHAPTER 20: CULTURE AND AUDIO-VISUAL POLICY
CHAPTER 21: REGIONAL POLICY AND CO-ORDINATION OF STRUCTURAL INSTRUMENTS
CHAPTER 22: ENVIRONMENT
CHAPTER 23: CONSUMERS AND HEALTH PROTECTION
CHAPTER 24: CO-OPERATION IN THE FIELD OF JUSTICE AND HOME AFFAIRS
CHAPTER 25: CUSTOMS UNION
CHAPTER 26: EXTERNAL RELATIONS
CHAPTER 27: COMMON FOREIGN AND SECURITY POLICY
CHAPTER 28: FINANCIAL CONTROL
CHAPTER 29: FINANCIAL AND BUDGETARY PROVISIONS
CHAPTER 30: INSTITUTIONS
CHAPTER 31: OTHER

1. OVERALL ASSESSMENT
2. KEY PRIORITY AREAS FOR FUTURE ASSISTANCE

The aim of the review is to summarise the achievements of Phare Roma programmes in the five countries where integration of Roma minorities was specified as an Accession Partnership priority (Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Hungary, Romania and Slovakia) and to consider to what extent they have contributed to a wider social inclusion agenda. The period covered by the review is October 2001 to July 2003, over which time a total of 26 programmes, amounting to some M€ 95.77 of assistance (M€ 64.54 from Phare plus M€ 31.23 of national co-financing)were specifically targeted at Roma minorities....[Author vide copyright]

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
TABLE OF CONTENTS
GLOSSARY OF ACRONYMS
PREFACE
MAIN REPORT
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background and Context
1.2 Objectives of the Thematic Review
1.3 Key Evaluation Questions
1.4 The Methodology
2. ANALYSIS OF KEY EVALUATION FINDINGS
2.1 Relevance of programme purpose and design to the needs of the sector
2.2 How efficiently have programmes been managed and implemented
2.3 The main effects and outputs stemming from the programmes
2.4 The wider impact of the Phare Romaminorities programmes
2.5 Sustainability of programmes and their results
3. KEY EVALUATION QUESTIONS
3.1 What type of support has been applied under Phare?
3.2 Do Phare programmes address the wider social inclusion agenda?
3.3 How successful has Phare been in influencing change in the policy arena?
3.4 How successful has Phare been in promoting learning by doing in this sector?
4. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5. LESSONS LEARNED AND GOOD PRACTICE
ANNEXES
ANNEX 1. Extracts from the Accession Partnership documents relating to Roma Minorities
ANNEX 2. Objectives in the fight against poverty and social exclusion
ANNEX 3. Information about Roma in the Labour Market
ANNEX 4. Roma participation in Phare Labour Market Projects
ANNEX 5. Phare Summary Sheet for Programmes examined
ANNEX 6. List of Documents Referred
ANNEX 7. List of Interviews
ANNEX 8. Example of review questionnaire