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Title: Entangled Histories:
Title (other): Re-thinking the history of Central and South-Eastern Europe from a relational perspective
Abstract
The collapse of the communist regime in Central and South-Eastern Europe gave way to sweeping economic and socio-political changes, marked by the conversion of centrally planned state economies into market economies, political liberalisation and democratisation, as well as to integration into European and Euro-Atlantic security and political organisations. These changes have also affected the pattern of inter-state relations in these regions. Due to an increasing political collaboration, countries in Central and South-Eastern Europe are today linked by a dense network of inter-governmental agreements which have changed the nature of inter-state relations in the region by fostering co-operation rather than conflict. An important part of this process of political transformation has been the recuperation of the historical memory, especially of those aspects that had been censored under the communist regimes. [Urheber s. Copyright]
Author: Iordachi, Constantin
Publisher: Central European University, Budapest
Year: 2004
Language: en
Ressource: Einzelne Berichte, Studien
Keyword: EU expansioninternational economic relationsEast Central Europesupranational relationstransformation
Subject: European Community budget and financial managementEconomic development. Economic growthEconomic doctrines and systems
Countries Scheme: Europe. General Resources
Online Ressource: vorübergehend nicht erreichbar!
Bitte beachten Sie die urheberrechtlichen Bedingungen der Dokumentenbenutzung / Please observe the copyright when accessing the document | Quelle / Source: Central European University, Budapest (http://www.cees-europe.fr/)
Title: Ending wasteful energy use in Central and Eastern Europe
Title (other): An essential step for climate change policy in a competitive EU-25
Abstract
This report reveals that Central and Eastern European countries are using at least twice the energy used by the previous 15 EU member states for each unit of economic output. Along with six other non-governmental organisations, WWF, the global conservation organisation, has launched a report that shows that the level of wasted energy in the five countries analysed will in the future continue to exceed the levels of the EU-15 members unless bold energy efficiency measures are taken in the EU. In addition, WWF warns that not tackling energy inefficiency issues will not help the EU in achieving its short and long-term climate protection goals. The report analyses the energy sectors of the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Slovenia and Slovakia. It highlights that, for example, the Czech Republic in 2000 used nearly five times the energy the EU-15 would use for each euro of GDP. Slovakia was the worst performer with energy spending of more than five times (5.2) compared to the EU-15. Hungary and Poland got scores of respectively 3.0 and 3.7 higher, while Slovenia scored 1.9. The report highlights that in preparing the Central and Eastern European countries for accession to the EU, negotiations have focused mainly on market liberalisation and new investment in power generation and transmission infrastructure, with insufficient attention given to the huge and cost-effective opportunities to reduce inefficient use of energy. In some cases, existing policies for energy efficiency were scrapped as a result of accession to the EU. The Czech Republic, for example, abolished a tax reduction scheme meant to encourage the purchase of the most efficient appliances on the market. The 40-page report also points out that despite massive financial resources from structural funds - over the period 2004-6, u008022 billion have been earmarked for new members - there is little indication that energy efficiency will be prioritised. Structural funds have largely been used to date for investments in new infrastructures, electricity and g
Author: Froggatt, Antony | Canzi, Germana
Publisher: World Wide Fund for Nature
Year: 2004
Language: en
Ressource: Einzelne Berichte, Studien
Keyword: energy savingenergy policyEU expansionEast Central Europeenvironmental protection
Subject: ECSC - Euratom - European Community research centresEnergy policy. Power generation
Countries Scheme: Europe. General Resources
Online Ressource: vorübergehend nicht erreichbar!
Bitte beachten Sie die urheberrechtlichen Bedingungen der Dokumentenbenutzung / Please observe the copyright when accessing the document | Quelle / Source: World-Wide Fund for Nature (http://www.panda.org/)
Title: Eurozone Enlargement
Title (other): Exploring Uncharted Waters
Abstract
The paper summarises the outcomes of a research project on 'The Eastward Enlargement of the Eurozone' that has been, since 2001, conducted by leading research institutions from Estonia, Finland, Italy, Poland, Portugal and Slovenia, coordinated by the Freie Universität Berlin's Jean Monnet Centre of Excellence. The project was supported by the European Commission's 5th Framework Programme. The report draws on the research that has been laid down in a set of working papers and several books, analyses impacts on markets and policies, and assesses the changes that have occurred so far. It also discusses what impact enlargement will have on the eurozone as a whole, its capacity to act, and on institutional consequences. On 1 May 2004, ten countries joined the European Union. The new members are Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovakia and Slovenia. Enlargement increased the EU population to 450 million, making the EU the world's largest single market in population terms. A market of this size can be expected to give a boost to investment and job creation, raising levels of prosperity throughout Europe. Enlargement will, however, create new challenges: the Central and East European countries (CEEC) may take decades to catch up economically with their western neighbours unless adequate assistance from the old member countries is being provided. Thus, the success of enlargement depends both on the speed of the process and on the procedure how to implement the right political and economic mechanisms towards sustainable self-financed growth. This process may even be aggravated by the eurozone's eastward enlargement which strips the CEEC of monetary policy independence and the application of traditional economic instruments. [Urheber s. Copyright]
Author: Bolle, Michael
Contributer: Ezoneplus Research Consortium
Year: 2004
Language: en
Ressource: Einzelne Berichte, Studien
Keyword: EU expansionmonetary policyEast Central Europe
Subject: European Community financial managementDemand. Market. ConsumptionMonetary agreements and zones. International debt
Countries Scheme: EASTERN EUROPE
Online Ressource: vorübergehend nicht erreichbar!
Bitte beachten Sie die urheberrechtlichen Bedingungen der Dokumentenbenutzung / Please observe the copyright when accessing the document | Quelle / Source: Ezoneplus Research Consortium (http://www.ezoneplus.org/)
Title: Mise en oeuvre de la PAC et son contexte dans les pays d'Europe centrale et orientale
Title (other): Document de Travail
Abstract
The accession of the ten new member states to the European Union has increased the agricultural surface in the EU by 29%, the agricultural population by 52% and the agricultural gross national product by only 7%. These three figures indicate three different problems: low productivity, big financial cost for the EU and great social and political sensitivity. For the Central and Eastern European states, accession to the European Union also means the disappearance of the last tariff barriers for the imports of agricultural products from the original 15 EU member states, as well as the introduction of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP). This study examines the agricultural sectors of the new member states, possible consequences for the CAP and perspectives for the agriculture in these countries. [Urheber s. Copyright]
Author: Régnier, Elise | Rousset, Guillaume
Contributer: Ecole Nationale du Génie Rural, des Eaux et des Forêts
Year: 2004
Language: fr
Ressource: Einzelne Berichte, Studien
Keyword: EU expansionagricultural developmentEast Central Europe
Subject: ECSC - Euratom - European Community research centresAgricultural policy. Agricultural development
Countries Scheme: Europe. General Resources
Online Ressource: vorübergehend nicht erreichbar!
Bitte beachten Sie die urheberrechtlichen Bedingungen der Dokumentenbenutzung / Please observe the copyright when accessing the document | Quelle / Source: Ecole Nationale du Génie Rural, des Eaux et des Forêts (http://www.missioneco.org/)
Title: Central and Eastern Europe in the 2004 European Parliament Elections
Title (other): A Not So European Event
Abstract
The first European Parliament elections in the new member states in Central and Eastern Europe demonstrated a profound paradox in terms of being a feedback process of European integration. At the elite level, the accession to the European Union has offered political parties and their leaders both new opportunities as well as a new set of issues with the emergence of a significant divide over the meanings of European integration. At the mass level, however, the first European Parliament elections were ignored by a vast majority of voters. This paper serves as a systematic analysis of the subject. Its objective is three-fold: to explain a lack of interest in the polls, to examine the domestic political dynamics leading to the elections and to consider the implications of the elections for the workings of the enlarged European Union. As for the prospects for European integration, it is important to note that one may no longer assume a supportive cross-party consensus in the new member states on the EU. Rather, popular antipathy towards the EU is expected to rise. [Urheber s. Copyright]
Author: Chan, Kenneth
Series Title: SEI Working Paper ; 81 | EPERN Working Paper ; 16
Publisher: Sussex European Institute | European Parties Elections and Referendums Network EPERN
Year: 2004
Language: en
Ressource: Einzelne Berichte, Studien
Keyword: EU expansionEuropean integrationEast Central Europeparliamentary election
Subject: European Community institutionsElections. Electoral law
Countries Scheme: EASTERN EUROPE
Online Ressource: vorübergehend nicht erreichbar!
Bitte beachten Sie die urheberrechtlichen Bedingungen der Dokumentenbenutzung / Please observe the copyright when accessing the document | Quelle / Source: Sussex European Institute (http://www.sussex.ac.uk/sei/)
Title: Convergence of real GDP per capita in the EU15: How do the accession countries fit in?
Abstract
The EU15 countries' real GDP per capita levels adjusted for purchasing power converged in 1960-2001. Convergence occurred in two spells, in 1960-73 and 1986-2001, with an interim period of stagnation. In this paper, we analyse both s and b convergence and discuss the impact of EU membership, trade and investment. We also analyse how seven accession countries fit into the historical picture of the EU15 area. The CEE countries are well positioned to catch up with the incumbent EU countries. After the mid-1990s, an increase in productivity and high investment rates have supported economic growth in the accession countries. Still, the experience of the EU15 countries shows that convergence cannot be taken for granted. [Urheber s. Copyright]
Author: Kaitila, Ville
Series Title: European Network of Economic Policy Research Institutes - Working paper ; 25
Contributer: European Network of Economic Policy Research Institutes
Publisher: Centre for European Policy Studies
Year: 2004
ISBN / ISSN / Kat.Nr: 92-9079-467-4
Language: en
Ressource: Einzelne Berichte, Studien
Keyword: gross domestic productEUEU expansionconvergenceEast Central Europe
Subject: European Communities and European Union in generalEconomic and growth policiesEconomic development. Economic growth
Countries Scheme: Europe. General Resources
Online Ressource: vorübergehend nicht erreichbar!
Bitte beachten Sie die urheberrechtlichen Bedingungen der Dokumentenbenutzung / Please observe the copyright when accessing the document | Quelle / Source: Centre for European Policy Studies (http://shop.ceps.be/)
Title: EU Enlargement: Benefits of the Single Market Expansion for Current and New Member States
Abstract
The study suggests that the EU's eastward enlargement will be beneficial to the new members, while most EU countries will record minor welfare gains. Poland is expected to gain 3.4% of GDP, and Hungary almost 7%. The new members will experience production increases across almost all sectors, while the impact on EU production in some sectors is foreseen to be negative, but very small. In Poland and Hungary, real wages will rise, with wages of unskilled workers increasing at a faster pace than wages of skilled workers. The welfare implications of accession are smaller than those found in other studies on this subject. Lejour, de Mooij and Nahuis (2001) found that the gains from the Single Market are equivalent to 9% of GDP in Hungary and 5.8% in Poland. Despite significant differences in methodology, the main reason for divergence of the results is that Lejour, de Mooij and Nahuis employ higher trade protection data, which does not incorporate provisions of the Europe Agreements and other trade policy changes. This study focuses on the impact of trade liberalisation and reduction of technical barriers to trade. A complete analysis of the impact of enlargement on existing and prospective members should clearly also include the implications of accession on the CAP and transfers from the EU budget such as Structural Funds. [Urheber s. Copyright]
Author: Maliszewska, Maryla
Series Title: Center for Social and Economic Research / Studies & Analyses ; 273
Publisher: Fundacja Naukowa CASE
Year: 2004
ISBN / ISSN / Kat.Nr: 83-7178-333-7
Language: en
Ressource: Einzelne Berichte, Studien
Keyword: domestic marketgross domestic productEU expansionequilibriumEast Central Europe
Subject: European Communities and European Union in generalEconomic and growth policiesEconomic development. Economic growth
Countries Scheme: Europe. General Resources
Online Ressource: vorübergehend nicht erreichbar!
Bitte beachten Sie die urheberrechtlichen Bedingungen der Dokumentenbenutzung / Please observe the copyright when accessing the document | Quelle / Source: Fundacja Naukowa CASE (http://www.case.com.pl/)
Title: Stahlindustrie: Chancen für EU-Hütten durch Osterweiterung
Abstract
When the central and eastern European countries join the European Union, steel manufacturers in the region will also have to be fit to face competitive pressures within the EU. The steel industry is already one of the most important sectors in many accession countries. Its share in total industrial production amounts to 5% in both Poland and the Czech Republic, while the figure is barely 2% in the EU. According to estimates by the German Steel Federation, the accession countries' crude steel capacities come to approximately 40 million tonnes. By contrast, total production capacity of the EU countries is over 200 million tonnes - with Germany accounting for 51 of these. This means that the central and eastern European countries' steel capacities amount to almost one-fifth of the EU level. In terms of productivity in the steel industry, however, the central and eastern European countries lag far behind the current EU. According to the German Steel Federation, the former countries produce 130 tonnes of crude steel per worker and year, while the figure is almost 600 tonnes in the EU. However, unit labour costs are 60% higher in Germany than in Poland. To date, much has been achieved in the restructuring of the steel industry in the EU accession countries. But the key figures still show that a lot remains to be done in order to catch up with western European productivity and quality levels. Capacity utilisation in eastern European mills has improved but is still markedly below the current level of 90% in western Europe. The momentum of crude steel production in the accession countries will likely remain subdued in the current decade - not least because of the competition from western European steel mills. For this reason, product quality must be improved and the range of products adjusted. Privatisation has not yet been completed in all accession countries as investors shy away from spending considerable amounts on debt restructuring and modernisation. In addition, the governments - for example in Poland - want to
Author: Perlitz, Uwe
Series Title: EU-Monitor; Dezember 2003
Publisher: Deutsche Bank / Research
Year: 2003
Language: de
Ressource: Einzelne Berichte, Studien
Keyword: iron and steel industryEU expansionEast Central Europe
Subject: ECSC - Euratom - European Community research centresEconomic policy and planningMetals industry. Metalworking industry
Countries Scheme: Europe. General Resources
Online Ressource: vorübergehend nicht erreichbar!
Bitte beachten Sie die urheberrechtlichen Bedingungen der Dokumentenbenutzung / Please observe the copyright when accessing the document | Quelle / Source: Deutsche Bank / Research (http://www.dbresearch.de/)
Title: The steel industry: Enlargement creates opportunities for EU mills
Abstract
When the central and eastern European countries join the European Union, steel manufacturers in the region will also have to be fit to face competitive pressures within the EU. The steel industry is already one of the most important sectors in many accession countries. Its share in total industrial production amounts to 5% in both Poland and the Czech Republic, while the figure is barely 2% in the EU. According to estimates by the German Steel Federation, the accession countries' crude steel capacities come to approximately 40 million tonnes. By contrast, total production capacity of the EU countries is over 200 million tonnes - with Germany accounting for 51 of these. This means that the central and eastern European countries' steel capacities amount to almost one-fifth of the EU level. In terms of productivity in the steel industry, however, the central and eastern European countries lag far behind the current EU. According to the German Steel Federation, the former countries produce 130 tonnes of crude steel per worker and year, while the figure is almost 600 tonnes in the EU. However, unit labour costs are 60% higher in Germany than in Poland. To date, much has been achieved in the restructuring of the steel industry in the EU accession countries. But the key figures still show that a lot remains to be done in order to catch up with western European productivity and quality levels. Capacity utilisation in eastern European mills has improved but is still markedly below the current level of 90% in western Europe. The momentum of crude steel production in the accession countries will likely remain subdued in the current decade - not least because of the competition from western European steel mills. For this reason, product quality must be improved and the range of products adjusted. Privatisation has not yet been completed in all accession countries as investors shy away from spending considerable amounts on debt restructuring and modernisation. In addition, the governments - for example in Poland - want to
Author: Perlitz, Uwe
Series Title: EU-Monitor; January 2004
Publisher: Deutsche Bank / Research
Year: 2004
Language: en
Ressource: Einzelne Berichte, Studien
Keyword: iron and steel industryEU expansionEast Central Europe
Subject: ECSC - Euratom - European Community research centresEconomic policy and planningMetals industry. Metalworking industry
Countries Scheme: Europe. General Resources
Online Ressource: vorübergehend nicht erreichbar!
Bitte beachten Sie die urheberrechtlichen Bedingungen der Dokumentenbenutzung / Please observe the copyright when accessing the document | Quelle / Source: Deutsche Bank / Research (http://www.dbresearch.de/)
Title: Real Exchange Rates in Central and Eastern Europe: What Scope for the Underlying Fundamentals?
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to study the fundamental macroeconomic determinants of both the CPI and the PPI-based real effective exchange rate in 5 selected acceding countries from central and eastern Europe, i.e. the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia and Slovenia. The paper is based on the combination of two approaches widely used for transition economies, namely the Behavioral Equilibrium Exchange Rate (BEER) and the structural VAR. Indeed, a cointegration approach is adopted and the estimated VECM model attempts to connect in a structural way the real effective exchange rate to labor productivity, the relative price of non-tradable goods, public deficit and the current account position. Impulse response functions are subsequently employed to investigate how shock in the underlying fundamentals impact on the effective real exchange rates. [Urheber s. Copyright]
Author: Dufrenot, Gilles | Égert, Balázs
Series Title: Emergent Markets Finance and Trade
Year: 2003
Language: en
Ressource: Einzelne Berichte, Studien
Keyword: EU expansionmacroeconomicsEast Central Europerate of exchange
Subject: European Community financial managementTaxation. Fiscal policyInvestments. Investment policy
Countries Scheme: Europe. General Resources
Online Ressource: vorübergehend nicht erreichbar!
Bitte beachten Sie die urheberrechtlichen Bedingungen der Dokumentenbenutzung / Please observe the copyright when accessing the document | Quelle / Source: EconWPA (http://econwpa.wustl.edu/)
Title: Governance, Finance and Capacity : a review of waste management practices in the 12 EU Accession Candidates
Abstract
The report concentrates on two major challenges facing municipalities in the central and eastern European countries: how to meet the strict requirements of EU accession, and how to deal with the rising waste burden.The report was prepared within the framework of the European Commission LOGON II project. In the last two decades, significant progress has been made in the field of waste management in the existing 15 EU member states. Today, policy innovations, coupled with new and improved technologies provide a better spread of options to decision makers. Networks of best practice and organisations with mandates to build capacity at the local level support the development of integrated waste management strategies throughout the EU. Unfortunately, many of these advances have not yet taken root in the 12 EU acession candidate countries. The information presented in this report provides a mixed view of waste management in the EU accession candidates. There are great differences between and often even within candidate countries. There are some recurring deficiencies that are common to all 12 countries to one extent or another. The most striking problem is the failure to communicate. Local authorities rarely communicate with each other, have poor internal co-ordination between municipal departments, and have insufficient systems of consultation with local stakeholder groups. These problems, if left unchecked, will seriously undermine the efforts to implement and enforce environmental legislation. Efficient waste management comes at a cost and this cost is presently too large for most municipalities in the central and eastern European countries. The provisions contained within waste legislation (especially those relating to taxes and charges) do not adequately cover the cost of providing quality waste management. Moreover, despite the influx of foreign aid and investment, most notably from the European Union, the bulk of this money remains tied up at the central level. The result is that too little money filters down
Author: Cameron, Edward
Contributer: Österreichischer Städtebund | CEEC LOGON Project
Year: 2003
Language: en
Ressource: Einzelne Berichte, Studien
Keyword: waste managementEU expansionmunicipal budgetEast Central Europe
Subject: History of the European Communities. European ideaPollutionWaste management
Countries Scheme: Eastern Europe. General Resources
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Title: Positions of 10 Central and Eastern European countries on EU institutional reforms:
Title (other): Analytical survey in the framework of the CEEC-DEBATE project
Abstract
The paper analyses the national debate on the future of Europe in the candidate countries from Central and Eastern Europe. The positions taken by representatives of governments and national parliaments at the European Convention show that divergences in the EU integration process do not occur between new and older Member States, but in relation to the interests of each country. All Central and Eastern European countries argue for maintaining and reinforcing the community method, which would strengthen their political power and allow defending their interests in international fora. They are mostly concerned about the role and representation of small and medium sized countries in an enlarged EU. It is not possible to consider the 10 Central European countries as a homogenous group. Each country has its own political and strategic preferences and interests. At the same time, official positions of most Central European governments are similar on guiding principles such as the wish of preserving the institutional balance, maintaining the current number of institutions and ensuring more openness and transparency. On the institutions, national positions represent many similarities such as rejection of the idea of a permanent President of the European Council (with the exception of Poland) and a support for team presidency (e.g. Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania and Slovakia). Basically all of the applicant countries follow the same line of argumentation and their representatives have participated in common initiatives, such as the "group of 16", a joint initiative of 16 smaller and medium Member States and candidates for accession on the reform of institutions. In some cases, positions have been modelled according to or got inspired from national positions of some of the current Member States. To illustrate, the Bulgarian and the Czech proposals are very close to the Belgian position. Like some current EU Member States, including Austria, Sweden and Finland, the countries that last joined the EU
Author: Franck, Christian | Pyszna-Nigge, Dorota
Publisher: Université Catholique
Year: 2003
Language: en
Ressource: Einzelne Berichte, Studien
Keyword: EU expansionintegration policyconventionEast Central Europeconstitution
Subject: History of the European Communities. European ideaEuropean Community institutions and organsPolitical science in generalSocial structure. Social conditions. Social change
Countries Scheme: EASTERN EUROPE
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Bitte beachten Sie die urheberrechtlichen Bedingungen der Dokumentenbenutzung / Please observe the copyright when accessing the document | Quelle / Source: Université Catholique ; TEPSA (http://www.tepsa.be/)
Title: L'investissement direct vers les nouveaux adhérents d'Europe centrale et orientale : ce que l'élargissement pourrait
changer
Abstract
During the process of the European Union's enlargement to central and Eastern Europe, foreign direct investment (FDI) to these countries increased and will continue increasing after the enlargement. The effect of this investment was generally positive of the receiving countries, notably because it provided financial means that domestic economies were not capable of producing. It helped modernise the industry, develop the tertiary sector and ensure the integration of these countries into world trade. The Association Agreements have contributed significantly to the economic integration between the EU and the central and eastern European candidate countries. The adoption of EU-based law in these countries during the pre-accession period increased transparency of legislation and thus improved conditions for foreign investment. The main question now is to see what changes the adhesion of eight central and eastern European countries to the EU in May 2004 will bring. Nearly all barriers to trade between the current and future EU member states have already been dismantled, therefore the key difference will be the subsidies that the new members will benefit from after enlargement. These financial inflows, which could reach 4 per cent of their GDP in 2006, should have a direct impact on domestic consumption in central and eastern European countries. If they are used for financing research and development, education and infrastructure, they would indirectly also favour FDI by creating a better investment environment. It can therefore be assumed that enlargement will have a generally positive quantitative effect on investment in central and eastern Europe. However, the qualitative effect is not guaranteed: after enlargement, FDI will not necessarily contribute to the acceleration of economic convergence between the new members and the rest of the EU. To make convergence possible, the future member states should take advantage of FDI to foster development, as Ireland did. In addition, the concentration of FDI could increa
Author: Picciotto, Bérénice
Series Title: Notre Europe / Etudes et recherches ; 24
Publisher: Groupement d'Etudes et de Recherches Notre Europe
Year: 2003
Language: fr
Ressource: Einzelne Berichte, Studien
Keyword: foreign investmentEU expansionEast Central Europeeconomic development (on national level)
Subject: European Community external relationsEconomic and growth policies
Countries Scheme: Europe. General Resources
Online Ressource: vorübergehend nicht erreichbar!
Bitte beachten Sie die urheberrechtlichen Bedingungen der Dokumentenbenutzung / Please observe the copyright when accessing the document | Quelle / Source: Groupement d'Etudes et de Recherches Notre Europe (http://www.notre-europe.asso.fr/)
Title: Roma in an Expanding Europe: Breaking the Poverty Cycle
Title (other): Conference Edition
Abstract
Poverty among Roma remains one of the most pressing issues for Central and Eastern European states as they move toward EU integration and sustained economic development. Using a variety of sources and approaches, this report examines the nature of Roma poverty-a multifaceted challenge that can only be addressed by a policy approach that attends to all dimensions of Roma social exclusion and focuses on the potential contributions Roma can make to social and economic development. Since the dominant policy approach in the years after socialism has tended to rely on a fragmented set of projects, often delivered by local NGOs with limited assistance from the state, the opportunity exists to make a difference. The next step is to integrate the lessons of this experience into policy. The mechanisms to facilitate this have been put in place. Most Central and East European countries have formulated strategies for improving the conditions of Roma and established institutions to develop, coordinate, and administer policies and projects. However, the agenda is complex and improvements will not come overnight. Indeed, poverty among Roma communities in some West European countries highlights the scope of the challenge. Effective policy responses will require a multilayered approach involving cross-country partnerships among Roma and international organisations, national and local governments, NGOs and communities. [Urheber s. Copyright]
Author: Ringold, Dena | Orenstein, Mitchell A. | Wilkens, Erika
Series Title: A World Bank Study
Publisher: World Bank Group
Year: 2003
Language: en
Ressource: Einzelne Berichte, Studien
Keyword: povertyEU expansionpolicy on minoritiesEast Central Europe
Subject: History of the European Communities. European ideaEconomic and growth policiesRacial policyRaces and ethnic groups
Countries Scheme: Europe. General Resources
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Bitte beachten Sie die urheberrechtlichen Bedingungen der Dokumentenbenutzung / Please observe the copyright when accessing the document | Quelle / Source: World Bank Group (http://www.worldbank.org)
Title: A new Visegrad Group in the new European Union - possibilities and opportunities for development
Title (other): Nowa Grupa Wyszehradzka w nowej Unii Europejskiej – szanse i mozliwosci rozwoju
Abstract
Today, just as Europe is about to expand through the accession of new members such as Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary and six other countries, it is clearer than ever that the Visegrad Four's mission has not come to an end but is gaining new dimensions. The Visegrad Group has fulfilled the tasks that it set itself when it was established. It is advisable to lay out new tasks, suitable for the group's operation in the new European reality - following the EU accession of Visegrad countries in May 2004. The tasks faced by the Visegrad countries in the EU will require co-operation, exchange of information and openness between partners. Preparations for facing these tasks must begin now - open discussions regarding the Visegrad Group's future must be held within the region, priorities clearly defined, long- and short-term goals indicated and included in the new Visegrad Declaration. If we fail to do this, the Visegrad will almost certainly limit itself to meetings of politicians in central European castles, as Czech President Vaclav Klaus sees it. It is in the best interest of the central European region not to let this happen. [Urheber s. Copyright]
Author: Bukalska, Patrycja
Publisher: Osrodek Studiów Wschodnich
Year: 2003
Language: en | pol
Ressource: Einzelne Berichte, Studien
Keyword: EU expansionEuropean integrationEast Central EuropePoland
Subject: History of the European Communities. European ideaEuropean Community external relations
Countries Scheme: EASTERN EUROPESOUTHERN EUROPE
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Bitte beachten Sie die urheberrechtlichen Bedingungen der Dokumentenbenutzung / Please observe the copyright when accessing the document | Quelle / Source: Osrodek Studiów Wschodnich (http://www.osw.waw.pl/)
Title: The impact of EU enlargement
Abstract
Most multinational investors in Central and Eastern Europe acknowledge that EU expansion will affect their business, but very few have made any budget provision to cover the cost of enlargement. In addition, most companies are only now starting to prepare for the changes that EU enlargement will bring. These are some of the findings of a pan-European survey commissioned by PricewaterhouseCoopers to determine to what extent, if any, companies are preparing for EU enlargement on May 1, 2004. The survey covered 100 of the major investors in Central and Eastern Europe and was conducted across a range of industry sectors. The majority of respondents (89%) confirmed that EU enlargement will affect their business and they need to prepare for the changes. However, two-thirds of the companies that responded to the survey have only started or will only start considering the effects of enlargement and preparing for them this year. 86% of the companies have provided no budget to manage preparation for enlargement. Only 7% of companies have put aside 50,000 euros or more. A regional approach is being adopted by the majority of companies (68%) in preparing for EU enlargement. This reflects not only the cost-effectiveness of preparing on a regional basis but also that the likeliest areas for restructuring are in logistics and distribution. With the removal of internal customs borders, companies can much more easily implement regional or pan-European warehousing systems, as happened with the introduction of the single market in the EU after 1993. Almost 20% of the respondents thought that their company structure would change because of accession, with half of those believing middle management will become more centralised, while 25% of say they foresee greater decentralisation. The greatest perceived changes will be in taxation, particularly indirect tax, and in accounting and reporting systems. This is reflected in the job functions of those responsible for preparing for accession, with 61% of the respondents being either
Author: Keaty, G.
Publisher: PriceWaterhouseCoopers
Year: 2003
Language: en
Ressource: Einzelne Berichte, Studien
Keyword: EU expansionEast Central Europecompany policy
Subject: History of the European Communities. European ideaEconomic and growth policiesBusiness management. Company activity
Countries Scheme: EASTERN EUROPE
Online Ressource: vorübergehend nicht erreichbar!
Bitte beachten Sie die urheberrechtlichen Bedingungen der Dokumentenbenutzung / Please observe the copyright when accessing the document | Quelle / Source: PriceWaterhouseCoopers (http://pwcglobal.com/)
Title: EU Enlargement
Title (other): Costs, Benefits, and Strategies for Central and Eastern European Countries
Abstract
The accession of eight Central and Eastern European countries to the European Union in 2004 will bring some important benefits. The new members will gain from reduced barriers to trade and investment. By 2010, the movement of labour will also be freed. But accession to the EU is neither a necessary nor a sufficient condition for economic growth. The combined effects of market access and economic liberalisation, not EU membership, optimise economic growth. Unfortunately, the incoming EU members had to choose between the common market on the one hand and economic liberty on the other. Instead of concluding free-trade agreements with the EU, the Central and Eastern European countries were cajoled into an increasingly centralised superstate, in which most of their comparative advantages will be legislated out of existence. As a result, economic growth in Central and Eastern Europe will continue to be suboptimal. The loss of potential future economic growth will be only partly offset by the Central and Eastern European countries' access to the European single market. Following the collapse of communism, the Central and Eastern European countries searched for a quick way to prosperity, and EU accession seemed like a rational step forward. Unfortunately, the geopolitical aim of the European elites to rival the United States enjoys clear precedence over the developmental needs of the Central and Eastern European countries. Compliance with centralised EU regulations in three areas - labour, agriculture and the environment - will impose the most significant costs on the Central and Eastern European countries. Western European labour regulations will make many workers in the less-productive Central and Eastern European countries less competitive; agricultural subsidies will favour current EU members over future ones; and stringent environmental regulations will impose a cost of up to 120 billion euros on Central and Eastern European countries. Accession members should be wary of future EU initiatives, such as
Author: Tupy, Marian L.
Series Title: Policy Analysis; 489
Publisher: Cato Institute
Year: 2003
Language: en
Ressource: Einzelne Berichte, Studien
Keyword: agricultural policyEU expansionfreedom of movementEast Central Europeeconomic growth
Subject: History of the European Communities. European ideaEconomic and growth policiesAgricultural policy. Agricultural development
Countries Scheme: EASTERN EUROPE
Online Ressource: vorübergehend nicht erreichbar!
Bitte beachten Sie die urheberrechtlichen Bedingungen der Dokumentenbenutzung / Please observe the copyright when accessing the document | Quelle / Source: Cato Institute (http://www.cato.org/)
Title: EU Enlargement and Power Asymmetries: Conditionality and the Commission's Role in Regionalisation in Central and Eastern
Europe
Abstract
Studies of EU conditionality assume a power asymmetry between the Commission and the CEECs over the adoption of the acquis, and at the macro level of democratisation and marketisation, rather than tracking clear causal relationships in policies. The article employs regional policy and regionalisation in the Central and Eastern European countries to challenge the 'conditionality model' and demonstrate its limitations. The research draws on interviews conducted with officials in the Commission and in Central and Eastern European countries delegations in Brussels to illustrate actor perceptions, and tracks policy differences within the Commission over time, to demonstrate and explain the weak impact of the Commission on regional policy and regionalisation in the Central and Eastern European countries. Inherent in the assumption that a power asymmetry characterises the enlargement process is the implication that it facilitates institutional convergence. The diverse pattern of regionalisation in the Central and Eastern European countries demonstrates the limitations to this notion of EU conditionality. Three key factors explain the divergence. Firstly, EU enlargement conditionality for the Central and Eastern European countries in the area of regional policy was implemented in a context of a spill-over of policy contestation within the Commission, where divisions over the regional policy reforms in 1988 and 1993 still resonated. Secondly, regional policy is a thin area of the acquis with sparse and ambiguous regulations. Thirdly, it is also an area under EU law where the national governments have a great deal of power to decide the institutional framework and means of implementation. Thus, whatever the competing policy preferences of the Commission, it lacked a repertoire of legal instruments to enforce a particular institutional design on the candidates, even if one existed. While the preferences of parts of the Commission for decentralisation informed the early stage of the enlargement process and strongly influ
Author: James Hughes, | Sasse, Gwendolyn | Gordon, Claire
Series Title: Working Paper ; 49/03 | ISSN 1468-4144
Publisher: Sussex European Institute
Year: 2003
Language: en
Ressource: Einzelne Berichte, Studien
Keyword: democratizationEU expansionseparation of powersEast Central Europeregional policy
Subject: History of the European Communities. European ideaEuropean Community institutionsEuropean Community law in generalDevelopment plans. RegionsPolitical framework
Countries Scheme: EASTERN EUROPESOUTHERN EUROPE
Online Ressource: vorübergehend nicht erreichbar!
Bitte beachten Sie die urheberrechtlichen Bedingungen der Dokumentenbenutzung / Please observe the copyright when accessing the document | Quelle / Source: Sussex European Institute (http://www.one-europe.ac.uk/)
Title: CEE - from transition to convergence
Title (other): Getting started in the EU
Abstract
The accession of ten new countries to the European Union on 1 May 2004 represents a further milestone on the way to the economic and political integration of all countries in Europe. With their entry into the EU the new member states from Central and Eastern Europe have officially concluded their difficult transition process. The countries' entry into the EU marks a turning point, sufficient reason to look at the developments of the past years and provide an outlook for the new member states. The articles in this publication cover a broad range of issues. Besides examining the developments leading up to accession and looking at the problems currently faced by the new member states from Central and Eastern Europe, the articles focus on the restructuring of the relevant economies under the transition process. The quantitative consideration to what extent sectors and industries are "winners" or "losers" is complemented by an outlook to 2014. [Urheber s. Copyright]
Author (Corp. Body): Bank Austria Creditanstalt
Year: 2004
Language: en
Ressource: Einzelne Berichte, Studien
Keyword: EU expansionEast Central Europepolitical integrationeconomic integration
Subject: European Community budget and financial managementEconomic policy and planningEconomic development. Economic growth
Countries Scheme: Europe. General Resources
Online Ressource: vorübergehend nicht erreichbar!
Bitte beachten Sie die urheberrechtlichen Bedingungen der Dokumentenbenutzung / Please observe the copyright when accessing the document | Quelle / Source:Bank Austria Creditanstalt (http://www.hvbgroup.com/)
Title: Die Unterstützung der Roma-Gemeinschaften in Mittel- und Osteuropa durch die EU
Title (other): European Union support for Roma communities in Central and Eastern Europe | Soutien de l'UE aux communautés roms
d'Europe centrale et orientale
Table of Contents
1. Roma-Gemeinschaften in Mittel- und Osteuropa
2. Vorbereitung des Beitritts zur Europäischen Union
3. Unterstützung der Roma
4. Weitere Informationen
5. Anhänge
Author (Corp. Body): Europäische Kommission / Generaldirektion Erweiterung
Year: 2003
Language: en | de | fr
Ressource: Einzelne Berichte, Studien
Keyword: EU expansionhuman rightsEast Central Europe
Subject: History of the European Communities. European ideaRaces and ethnic groups
Countries Scheme: Europe. General ResourcesEastern Central Europe. General ResourcesPolandSlovak RepublicCzech RepublicBulgaria
RomaniaSlovenia
Online Ressource: vorübergehend nicht erreichbar!
Bitte beachten Sie die urheberrechtlichen Bedingungen der Dokumentenbenutzung / Please observe the copyright when accessing the document | Quelle / Source: Europäische Kommission (http://europa.eu.int/)
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