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317 entries found on 16 pages. starting on record 121 ending on 140

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Title: South-East Europe: Economic Performance, Perspectives and Policy Challenges
Abstract
The study presents an overview of the economic and social developments in the region in recent years. It focuses on a comparative perspective, using Greece as a benchmark for the region. Section II focuses on the basic economic and social facts and trends. Section III examines the quality of institutions in south-eastern European countries. Section IV looks at recent macro-economic developments. Section V discusses recent trade and foreign direct investment patterns and performance. The analysis identifies the following four main areas where policies should be pushed further to promote competitiveness, economic growth and stability in Southeast Europe: openness to trade and foreign direct investment; regional co-operation; strengthening governance; EU leadership. As in the case of the current EU accession countries, the prospect of future EU membership can play a decisive role in overcoming internal resistance to reform and facilitating institutional improvements. The EU should realise its responsibility for providing such a perspective and exerting leadership in the region, which otherwise could remain a weak and unstable part of Europe for too long. [Urheber s. Copyright]
Author: Traistaru, Iulia | Hagen, Jürgen von
Series Title: ZEI Working Paper; B03-16
Publisher: Zentrum für Europäische Integrationsforschung
Year: 2003
Language: en
Ressource: Einzelne Berichte, Studien
Keyword: EU expansionsocial changeSoutheastern Europeeconomic development (on national level)
Subject: European Community institutionsEconomic and social development
Countries Scheme: Eastern Europe. General ResourcesSouthern Europe. General Resources
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Title: Positions of 10 Central and Eastern European countries on EU institutional reforms:
Title (other): Analytical survey in the framework of the CEEC-DEBATE project
Abstract
The paper analyses the national debate on the future of Europe in the candidate countries from Central and Eastern Europe. The positions taken by representatives of governments and national parliaments at the European Convention show that divergences in the EU integration process do not occur between new and older Member States, but in relation to the interests of each country. All Central and Eastern European countries argue for maintaining and reinforcing the community method, which would strengthen their political power and allow defending their interests in international fora. They are mostly concerned about the role and representation of small and medium sized countries in an enlarged EU. It is not possible to consider the 10 Central European countries as a homogenous group. Each country has its own political and strategic preferences and interests. At the same time, official positions of most Central European governments are similar on guiding principles such as the wish of preserving the institutional balance, maintaining the current number of institutions and ensuring more openness and transparency. On the institutions, national positions represent many similarities such as rejection of the idea of a permanent President of the European Council (with the exception of Poland) and a support for team presidency (e.g. Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania and Slovakia). Basically all of the applicant countries follow the same line of argumentation and their representatives have participated in common initiatives, such as the "group of 16", a joint initiative of 16 smaller and medium Member States and candidates for accession on the reform of institutions. In some cases, positions have been modelled according to or got inspired from national positions of some of the current Member States. To illustrate, the Bulgarian and the Czech proposals are very close to the Belgian position. Like some current EU Member States, including Austria, Sweden and Finland, the countries that last joined the EU
Author: Franck, Christian | Pyszna-Nigge, Dorota
Publisher: Université Catholique
Year: 2003
Language: en
Ressource: Einzelne Berichte, Studien
Keyword: EU expansionintegration policyconventionEast Central Europeconstitution
Subject: History of the European Communities. European ideaEuropean Community institutions and organsPolitical science in generalSocial structure. Social conditions. Social change
Countries Scheme: EASTERN EUROPE
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Title: Enlargement, CFSP and the Convention
Title (other): The Role of the Accession States
Abstract
The candidate countries adopted a low profile in the Convention. They were quietly supportive of most proposals on the Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) front but concerned about the implications of some proposals for the European Security and Defence Policy (ESDP). These concerns focused on possible duplication with NATO and ensuring that the US was not marginalised by any changes. The Iraq war exposed fault lines within the present member states and caused a rift between 'old Europe' and 'new Europe'. It is unlikely that the diplomatic tensions surrounding the letters signed by certain countries during the Iraq crisis will be repeated. Lessons have been learned. Both the CFSP and the ESDP have always registered high in terms of public approval. The latest research shows that public opinion in the candidate countries is equally supportive. The challenge for the enlarged Union will be to agree on strategic priorities for the Union and to ensure that they make the best use of the new procedures in the constitutional treaty, even though they are adequate in many respects. As opposed to viewing the candidates as a burden, it is possible to argue that the new member states might be part of the solution rather than part of the problem around a CFSP. [Urheber s. Copyright]
Author: Cameron, Fraser | Primatarova, Antoinette
Series Title: EPIN Working Paper; 5
Contributer: European Policy Institute Network EPIN
Publisher: Centre for European Policy Studies
Year: 2003
ISBN / ISSN / Kat.Nr: 92-9079-444-5
Language: en
Ressource: Einzelne Berichte, Studien
Keyword: ESDPEU expansionCFSP
Subject: European Community institutions and organsEuropean Community external relationsPolitical science in general
Countries Scheme: Europe. General Resources
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Title: Costs and Benefits of Poland's Membership in the European Union
Abstract
The paper analyses the costs and benefits of Poland's membership in the European Union. It also analyses an alternative scenario, which assumes that Poland fails to join the European Union. The report presents two scenarios of the consequences (costs and benefits) of membership, taking into account the final results of accession negotiations. The consequences of Poland's integration with the European Union are analysed with respect to the three current pillars of EU policies. The analysis of the first pillar covers the most important Community policies. The benefits and costs of integration are thoroughly analysed in the areas of agriculture, social policy, environmental protection policy, research and development policy, trade policy, competition policy, transport policy, education and human resources. The paper also focuses on the other two pillars - the Common Foreign and Security Policy (including the creation of the framework for the European Security and Defence Policy) and internal security, co-operation in the area of the judiciary, the police and the customs. Here, the most important thing is the attempt to answer the question of what the political and institutional benefits of EU membership would be for Poland. The last section of the publication deals with social communication. It analyses the social consequences of membership of the EU and the public perceptions of these consequences. [Urheber s. Copyright]
Author (Corp. Body): Centrum Europejskie Natolin < Warsaw>
Year: 2003
ISBN / ISSN / Kat.Nr: 83-910358-8-3
Language: en
Ressource: Einzelne Berichte, Studien
Keyword: EU expansionCFSPintegrationPolandeconomic development (on national level)
Subject: European Community institutions and organsEuropean Community external relationsEconomic and growth policies
Countries Scheme: Poland
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Bitte beachten Sie die urheberrechtlichen Bedingungen der Dokumentenbenutzung / Please observe the copyright when accessing the document | Quelle / Source: Centrum Europejskie Natolin < Warsaw> (http://www.natolin.edu.pl/)
Title: L'investissement direct vers les nouveaux adhérents d'Europe centrale et orientale : ce que l'élargissement pourrait
changer
Abstract
During the process of the European Union's enlargement to central and Eastern Europe, foreign direct investment (FDI) to these countries increased and will continue increasing after the enlargement. The effect of this investment was generally positive of the receiving countries, notably because it provided financial means that domestic economies were not capable of producing. It helped modernise the industry, develop the tertiary sector and ensure the integration of these countries into world trade. The Association Agreements have contributed significantly to the economic integration between the EU and the central and eastern European candidate countries. The adoption of EU-based law in these countries during the pre-accession period increased transparency of legislation and thus improved conditions for foreign investment. The main question now is to see what changes the adhesion of eight central and eastern European countries to the EU in May 2004 will bring. Nearly all barriers to trade between the current and future EU member states have already been dismantled, therefore the key difference will be the subsidies that the new members will benefit from after enlargement. These financial inflows, which could reach 4 per cent of their GDP in 2006, should have a direct impact on domestic consumption in central and eastern European countries. If they are used for financing research and development, education and infrastructure, they would indirectly also favour FDI by creating a better investment environment. It can therefore be assumed that enlargement will have a generally positive quantitative effect on investment in central and eastern Europe. However, the qualitative effect is not guaranteed: after enlargement, FDI will not necessarily contribute to the acceleration of economic convergence between the new members and the rest of the EU. To make convergence possible, the future member states should take advantage of FDI to foster development, as Ireland did. In addition, the concentration of FDI could increa
Author: Picciotto, Bérénice
Series Title: Notre Europe / Etudes et recherches ; 24
Publisher: Groupement d'Etudes et de Recherches Notre Europe
Year: 2003
Language: fr
Ressource: Einzelne Berichte, Studien
Keyword: foreign investmentEU expansionEast Central Europeeconomic development (on national level)
Subject: European Community external relationsEconomic and growth policies
Countries Scheme: Europe. General Resources
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Title: Turkey: On the road again
Abstract
The paper states that economic growth is picking up in Turkey and the economy is on the road to recovery. It concludes that it is up to the Turkish policy makers to make sure that the country's economy will leave its grave problems behind and enjoy a bright future. Despite the recent positive developments, the situation remains fragile: an increase in the real interest rates as a result of an adverse shock to system, a significant real depreciation for the reasons mentioned above, and a slow down in the growth rate because of resource constraints would harm the economic recovery, increasing the required primary surplus. A glance at the budget figures reveals that the government is operating at the limit. The public investment expenditures are at their lowest level in real terms, signalling that the economic infrastructure is under great strain. Assuming no adverse shock to any of the variables, a 5-6% primary surplus for the next 2-3 years requires a significant cut in the public sector employment and/or real wages and salaries. Furthermore, the worsening trend in the social security system, in terms of large deficits, should be reversed immediately. Although the government has been compliant with its programme so far, forthcoming local elections, increasing pressure from the public for populist measures and a strong resistance to restructuring and reform process may easily result in a reversal of the sound fiscal polices of recent months. On this front, the government should give stronger assurances that its firm commitment to the program will endure. [Urheber s. Copyright]
Author: Selcuk, Faruk
Publisher: Türk Sanayicileri ve Is Adamlari Dernegi
Year: 2003
Language: en
Ressource: Einzelne Berichte, Studien
Keyword: EU expansionTurkeyeconomic development (on national level)economic growth
Subject: European Community external relationsEconomic and growth policies
Countries Scheme: Turkey
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Title: Roma in an Expanding Europe: Breaking the Poverty Cycle
Title (other): Conference Edition
Abstract
Poverty among Roma remains one of the most pressing issues for Central and Eastern European states as they move toward EU integration and sustained economic development. Using a variety of sources and approaches, this report examines the nature of Roma poverty-a multifaceted challenge that can only be addressed by a policy approach that attends to all dimensions of Roma social exclusion and focuses on the potential contributions Roma can make to social and economic development. Since the dominant policy approach in the years after socialism has tended to rely on a fragmented set of projects, often delivered by local NGOs with limited assistance from the state, the opportunity exists to make a difference. The next step is to integrate the lessons of this experience into policy. The mechanisms to facilitate this have been put in place. Most Central and East European countries have formulated strategies for improving the conditions of Roma and established institutions to develop, coordinate, and administer policies and projects. However, the agenda is complex and improvements will not come overnight. Indeed, poverty among Roma communities in some West European countries highlights the scope of the challenge. Effective policy responses will require a multilayered approach involving cross-country partnerships among Roma and international organisations, national and local governments, NGOs and communities. [Urheber s. Copyright]
Author: Ringold, Dena | Orenstein, Mitchell A. | Wilkens, Erika
Series Title: A World Bank Study
Publisher: World Bank Group
Year: 2003
Language: en
Ressource: Einzelne Berichte, Studien
Keyword: povertyEU expansionpolicy on minoritiesEast Central Europe
Subject: History of the European Communities. European ideaEconomic and growth policiesRacial policyRaces and ethnic groups
Countries Scheme: Europe. General Resources
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Title: Nesting Europe
Title (other): The State of European Studies and Research in Romania
Abstract
The aim of this paper is provide an overview of European studies in Romania try to offer some information and perspectives which can help both Romanian institutions and the community of scholars in gearing their policies and efforts towards a faster institutionalisation of this research area. The paper concludes that there are a number of similarities with several other EU member states and accession countries. The paper starts with a basic evaluation of the disciplinary links between political science, international relations and European studies in Romania. This is followed by a look into the patterns of co-operation between Romanian universities, both inside and outside the country. It then moves to the description of dominant approaches in studying and teaching European integration. Next is the presentation of two alternative visions on the development of European studies in Romania and in other accession countries. Special attention is given to think thanks and NGO's that focus on the EU and whose aim it is to promote the study of European integration in Romania. [Urheber s. Copyright]
Author: Craciun, Claudiu
Publisher: National School of Political Studies and Administration Political Science Department
Year: 2003
Language: en
Ressource: Einzelne Berichte, Studien
Keyword: EU expansionEuropean integrationinternational relationspolitical scienceRomania
Subject: History of the European Communities. European ideaEuropean Community external relationsPolitical science in general
Countries Scheme: Romania
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Title: A new Visegrad Group in the new European Union - possibilities and opportunities for development
Title (other): Nowa Grupa Wyszehradzka w nowej Unii Europejskiej – szanse i mozliwosci rozwoju
Abstract
Today, just as Europe is about to expand through the accession of new members such as Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary and six other countries, it is clearer than ever that the Visegrad Four's mission has not come to an end but is gaining new dimensions. The Visegrad Group has fulfilled the tasks that it set itself when it was established. It is advisable to lay out new tasks, suitable for the group's operation in the new European reality - following the EU accession of Visegrad countries in May 2004. The tasks faced by the Visegrad countries in the EU will require co-operation, exchange of information and openness between partners. Preparations for facing these tasks must begin now - open discussions regarding the Visegrad Group's future must be held within the region, priorities clearly defined, long- and short-term goals indicated and included in the new Visegrad Declaration. If we fail to do this, the Visegrad will almost certainly limit itself to meetings of politicians in central European castles, as Czech President Vaclav Klaus sees it. It is in the best interest of the central European region not to let this happen. [Urheber s. Copyright]
Author: Bukalska, Patrycja
Publisher: Osrodek Studiów Wschodnich
Year: 2003
Language: en | pol
Ressource: Einzelne Berichte, Studien
Keyword: EU expansionEuropean integrationEast Central EuropePoland
Subject: History of the European Communities. European ideaEuropean Community external relations
Countries Scheme: EASTERN EUROPESOUTHERN EUROPE
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Title: Looking after the neighbourhood: responsibilities for EU 25
Abstract
The enlarged European Union will be surrounded, from Russia to Morocco, with states economically dependent on access to its markets, concerned about cross-border travel and trade, and anxious for their voices to be heard in EU negotiations. Since 1989, West European governments have successfully extended their established zone of peace, prosperity and security across Central and Eastern Europe, through the promise of enlargement linked to fulfilment of political, economic and administrative conditions. Promises of membership have already been made to further states in southeast Europe. If the EU is not to drift into offering membership to more and more states around the Mediterranean and across Eurasia, it needs a strategy to organise its neighbourhood, which offers neighbouring states incentives to co-operate and all possible advantages short of membership. Within the current EU there is no consensus on priorities to be given to the Eastern or Southern neighbours, or on the trade or financial incentives, which should be offered. The Commission and the Council Secretariat have floated various proposals in recent months, which the Council of Ministers has received without evident enthusiasm. Many sensitive issues are involved, from border control and migration to further opening of the EU market to imports of agricultural products, textiles and steel; financial incentives would also require a substantial increase in the EU budget allocation for 'external action'. Existing policies towards the Mediterranean and the CIS states provide a framework on which to build; but member governments should recognise the limited success of these policies so far, and the resentment and frustration of many of the 'partner' states at their continued dependence. Development of a coherent neighbourhood policy will thus entail substantial costs. But it also offers substantial benefits, in extending prosperity, democracy and security beyond the EU's borders. The cost of protecting the EU-25 from the spillover of refugees, illegal ac
Author: Wallace, William
Series Title: Notre Europe / Policy Papers ; 4
Publisher: Groupement d'Etudes et de Recherches Notre Europe
Year: 2003
Language: en
Ressource: Einzelne Berichte, Studien
Keyword: EU expansionEuropean integrationsecurity policyeconomic policy
Subject: European Community external relations
Countries Scheme: NORTHERN EUROPEEASTERN EUROPESOUTHERN EUROPEASIA and MIDDLE EAST
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Title: L'élargissement de l'UE: une fuite en avant?
Abstract
While seizing the historic opportunity to reunify Europe by its enlargement to central and Eastern European countries, the EU neglected the strategic preparations for enlargement. It failed to invest enough into analysing the consequences of accession to 10 members for its internal functioning. The EU-based law was imposed on the future members without taking into consideration the cultural, economic, social and political differences. At no point in time did the EU wonder whether its laws had to be altered and improved in the view of upcoming enlargement, in particular the common policies, such as agriculture, cohesion, employment and social policies. It is now high time to take advantage of enlargement and reform these policies without waiting for 2006 or another opportunity. Nevertheless, there are a number of reasons to remain optimistic. First of all, there is the enthusiasm of the future member states to participate in the EU adventure, despite the unequal accession conditions. The recent referenda have confirmed this enthusiasm. The newcomers will bring along a rich cultural heritage and contribute to the relaunching of integration dynamism. Although they are suffering major delays, these countries have all successfully made a transition towards the market economy. Some of them have known periods of rapid growth, although it was based on foreign investment, which is always volatile in nature. They have all redirected their trade towards the EU. We can therefore expect that the economic effects of accession will be even greater than foreseen. [Urheber s. Copyright]
Author: Vaughan-Whitehead, Daniel
Series Title: Notre Europe / Policy Papers ; 5
Publisher: Groupement d'Etudes et de Recherches Notre Europe
Year: 2003
Language: fr
Ressource: Einzelne Berichte, Studien
Keyword: EU expansionEuropean integrationlegislationeconomic policy
Subject: History of the European Communities. European ideaEuropean Community law in generalEconomic and growth policies
Countries Scheme: Europe. General Resources
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Title: The impact of EU enlargement
Abstract
Most multinational investors in Central and Eastern Europe acknowledge that EU expansion will affect their business, but very few have made any budget provision to cover the cost of enlargement. In addition, most companies are only now starting to prepare for the changes that EU enlargement will bring. These are some of the findings of a pan-European survey commissioned by PricewaterhouseCoopers to determine to what extent, if any, companies are preparing for EU enlargement on May 1, 2004. The survey covered 100 of the major investors in Central and Eastern Europe and was conducted across a range of industry sectors. The majority of respondents (89%) confirmed that EU enlargement will affect their business and they need to prepare for the changes. However, two-thirds of the companies that responded to the survey have only started or will only start considering the effects of enlargement and preparing for them this year. 86% of the companies have provided no budget to manage preparation for enlargement. Only 7% of companies have put aside 50,000 euros or more. A regional approach is being adopted by the majority of companies (68%) in preparing for EU enlargement. This reflects not only the cost-effectiveness of preparing on a regional basis but also that the likeliest areas for restructuring are in logistics and distribution. With the removal of internal customs borders, companies can much more easily implement regional or pan-European warehousing systems, as happened with the introduction of the single market in the EU after 1993. Almost 20% of the respondents thought that their company structure would change because of accession, with half of those believing middle management will become more centralised, while 25% of say they foresee greater decentralisation. The greatest perceived changes will be in taxation, particularly indirect tax, and in accounting and reporting systems. This is reflected in the job functions of those responsible for preparing for accession, with 61% of the respondents being either
Author: Keaty, G.
Publisher: PriceWaterhouseCoopers
Year: 2003
Language: en
Ressource: Einzelne Berichte, Studien
Keyword: EU expansionEast Central Europecompany policy
Subject: History of the European Communities. European ideaEconomic and growth policiesBusiness management. Company activity
Countries Scheme: EASTERN EUROPE
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Bitte beachten Sie die urheberrechtlichen Bedingungen der Dokumentenbenutzung / Please observe the copyright when accessing the document | Quelle / Source: PriceWaterhouseCoopers (http://pwcglobal.com/)
Title: Profile of the Visegrád Countries in the Future of Europe Debate
Abstract
Although the Visegrád Four countries often defended the same or similar positions in the European Convention, their views differed on many important issues. This situation is likely to be repeated at the upcoming Intergovernmental Conference. This basically confirms the tendency that can be traced back to the EU accession negotiations or the Iraq crisis. There, no substantial co-ordination occurred either. Given this, we can hardly expect the Visegrád countries to act as a compact block inside the EU. In some areas the interests of the Visegrád Four countries will converge, for instance concerning the communitarisation of large portions of the current IIIrd pillar, the restoring and keeping of strong transatlantic ties in the area of security and defence or the intensification of relations with the EU's immediate neighbourhood. In this respect, the Visegrád group will be supported by other countries in the region, especially Austria and Slovenia. A certain harmonisation of 'Central European' positions goes well beyond the Visegrád co-operation and encompasses other entities like the Central European Free Trade Agreement or the Central European Initiative. [Urheber s. Copyright]
Author: Král, David
Publisher: Institut pro Evropskou Politiku Europeum
Year: 2003
Language: en
Ressource: Einzelne Berichte, Studien
Keyword: EU expansionPolandSlovakiaCzech RepublicHungary
Subject: International relationsHistory of the European Communities. European ideaEuropean Community external relations
Countries Scheme: EASTERN EUROPE
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Bitte beachten Sie die urheberrechtlichen Bedingungen der Dokumentenbenutzung / Please observe the copyright when accessing the document | Quelle / Source: Institut pro Evropskou Politiku Europeum (http://www.europeum.org/)
Title: Winning strategies for locally-owned businesses in Central Europe
Abstract
The study, "Winning strategies for locally-owned businesses in Central Europe", looks at how locally-owned businesses in the candidate countries are preparing for EU enlargement. It describes the emerging opportunities and challenges facing local firms and assesses what more they can do to succeed in an enlarged Europe, based on interviews with senior executives in leading local firms in Poland, Hungary, the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Latvia as well as members of the banking community and policy makers. The key conclusions are that: Many locally-owned firms in the candidate countries of Central Europe need to adopt more forward looking strategies which move beyond cost-minimisation if they are to succeed in an enlarged EU. Many of the strategies of local firms are not yet adequately geared to generating a sustainable source of competitive advantage: they are too focused on cost-reduction. If local firms are to thrive in an enlarged EU, they need to become more flexible, innovative and work more closely with others to add value. Many locally-owned firms in the candidate countries have already taken steps to improve their efficiency, in part as a response to increased competition from foreign companies in both domestic and international markets. Formal accession to the EU in May 2004 is unlikely to generate significant additional export opportunities in the EU market for locally-owned firms. [Urheber s. Copyright]
Series Title: New Europe: New Challenges, New Opportunities
Author (Corp. Body): PriceWaterhouseCoopers
Year: 2003
Language: en
Ressource: Einzelne Berichte, Studien
Keyword: EU expansionCentral Europecompany policy
Subject: History of the European Communities. European ideaEconomic policy and planningEconomic development. Economic growth
Countries Scheme: EASTERN EUROPE
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Bitte beachten Sie die urheberrechtlichen Bedingungen der Dokumentenbenutzung / Please observe the copyright when accessing the document | Quelle / Source: PriceWaterhouseCoopers (http://www.pwc.com/)
Title: Debate on the new EU cohesion policy: Recommendations for the Polish position
Abstract
Basic assumptions of the EU's new cohesion policy for the years 2007-2013 will be probably worked out by the end of 2003. Based on the current debate, one may assume that they will not contain any breakthrough changes. Corrections to the existing system might include introduction of transition periods for regions which for statistical reasons will no longer be eligible for structural assistance. The future cohesion policy will probably proceed in two principal directions. One will primarily encompass assistance to regions whose economy is lagging behind with a view to achieving a greater cohesion on the territory of the European Union. The other will be increasingly involved with the implementation of the Lisbon strategy, particularly with the development of knowledge-based economy and achievement of the so-called sustainable development. It is highly probable that the cohesion policy will be somewhat decentralised in favour of individual countries and regions. Key decisions in this area will be taken by the present member states before Poland joins the EU. Still, since Poland is the largest country among the new members of the enlarged Union, its voice would certainly be heard during the decision-making process. One should bear in mind that the new regional policy will be operating to a large extent precisely to serve Poland's developmental needs. This is why it is extremely important for the Polish government to join the debate on the shape of the new cohesion policy. [Urheber s. Copyright]
Author: Grosse, Tomasz Grzegorz | Olbrycht, Jan
Series Title: Analyses & Opinions; 10
Publisher: Instytut Spraw Publicznych
Year: 2003
Language: en
Ressource: Einzelne Berichte, Studien
Keyword: EU expansionPolandregional policystructural policyeconomic development (on national level)
Subject: History of the European Communities. European ideaEuropean Community funds and financial instruments. EIBEconomic development. Economic growth
Countries Scheme: EASTERN EUROPE
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Title: Elections to the European Parliament 2004:
Title (other): Voter attendance and significance to the Polish electorate and political landscape
Abstract
Polish politicians are increasingly often referring to the prospect of next year's elections to the European Parliament. Voters, however, are still unaware of the fact that these elections are to take place. Only 27% of Poles know that they will be choosing their representatives to the European Parliament in general elections. The European Parliament plays only a minor role in the present institutional makeup of the European Union. Elections to the European Parliament do not entail any obvious political consequences. As a result, the significance of these elections to Western European politicians and voters is only secondary to national parliamentary elections. As a rule, they only play the role of a 'barometer' of the national political landscape, providing information on voter preferences that may later be used in national elections. Therefore, low voter turnout can be primarily attributed to the absence of political consequences of European elections, rather than to the rejection of the European integration ideal. Studies conducted with reference to current EU member states suggest that the following factors promote higher voter turnout in elections to the European Parliament: compulsory voting, concurrent national parliamentary elections, perceived weakness of domestic institutions and overall support for the country's membership of the EU. In Poland, owing to a very low assessment of domestic institutions and hopes placed in democratic institutions of the EU, as well as the fact that elections to the European Parliament will be an interesting novelty to Polish voters, one may expect a relatively high turnout. If European and national parliamentary elections are held at the same time, then even the opposite of the situation in Western Europe may occur: elections to the European Parliament might 'prop up' voter turnout at national parliamentary elections. [Urheber s. Copyright]
Author: Falkowski, Mateusz
Series Title: Analyses & Opinions; 11
Publisher: Instytut Spraw Publicznych
Year: 2003
Language: en
Ressource: Einzelne Berichte, Studien
Keyword: EU expansionelection to the European ParliamentPolandvoting pattern
Subject: History of the European Communities. European ideaEuropean Community institutionsElections. Electoral law
Countries Scheme: Poland
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Title: Will EU Money Be the Tune for New Members' Catch-Up Song?
Abstract
The new member states should not expect EU money to lead to miracles. The most important ingredients of catch-up growth are a stable macroeconomic framework; supply-side policies that help markets to adjust quickly; and a well-trained, flexible workforce. EU aid will only make a positive contribution to growth in the region if it is firmly integrated into such an environment. According to Eurostat figures, average per capita GDP in the 10 east European candidate countries now stands at around 40% of the EU average. The gap between the average EU income level and that of the candidate countries has widened considerably since 1989. The EU's real GDP grew by 30% between 1989 and 2002, whereas for the 10 East European accession countries the increase amounted to only 8% during the same period. Available evidence suggests quite strongly that the accession countries have followed the pattern of the Mediterranean countries, in that recent economic growth has gone hand in hand with a marked widening of regional income differentials. The fastest growth has occurred in the regions centred on capital cities and in those geographically close to the EU. Smaller towns, rural areas, and the eastern parts of the accession countries have generally lagged behind, with poverty, high unemployment, and a lack of competitive industries characterising the regions along the EU's future eastern border with Belarus, Russia, and Ukraine. If current trends continue, regional differences in the East European countries will continue to widen. There is therefore a prima facie case for the EU to concentrate its regional development efforts on the poorer, eastern regions of the new member states. Under current EU rules, regions with a per capita GDP of less than 75% of the EU average automatically qualify for EU regional aid under the so-called Objective 1 facility. This means that almost the entire area of all the east European countries will be eligible for EU aid. If the EU maintained the current extent of redistribution (net paymen
Author: Barysch, Katinka
Series Title: Transition / The World Bank
Publisher: World Bank Group
Year: 2003
ISBN / ISSN / Kat.Nr: 1020-5470
Language: en
Ressource: Einzelne Berichte, Studien
Keyword: EU expansionmacroeconomicseconomic growth
Subject: History of the European Communities. European ideaEuropean Community funds and financial instruments. EIBEconomic and growth policies
Countries Scheme: EASTERN EUROPE
Online Ressource: vorübergehend nicht erreichbar!
Bitte beachten Sie die urheberrechtlichen Bedingungen der Dokumentenbenutzung / Please observe the copyright when accessing the document | Quelle / Source: World Bank Group (http://www.worldbank.org/)
Title: Real-time systems
Title (other): Reflections on Higher Education in the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovenia
Abstract
The book examines how four systems of higher education in the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovenia moved from one very specific vision of society to another. It considers this a rare example of social mobilisation on a scale unprecedented in the recent history of the four countries involved. The book is an outcome of a dialogue, conducted in a series of workshops, organised by the Dutch Center for Higher Education Policy Studies. Thus began what turned out to be an intense multi-level dialogue between the four countries themselves on the higher education challenges they face, between participants based in institutions and those working in ministries, and between the four countries and western European higher education policy researchers. In the first phase of the project (1999-2000) a series of five workshops were held for a core group of some twenty representatives from the four countries. Participants were drawn from people working at senior management levels within universities, and senior representatives of the Ministry of Education and national co-coordinating bodies for higher education. In the second phase of the project (2001-2002) two further policy workshops were organised as well as national workshops in each of the four countries designed to take the discussions deeper into each system. The book attempts to capture some of the insights that have emerged from this dialogue with the view to contributing to the ongoing policy development and reform process in the four countries. The authors also believe that these insights will be of interest more widely in the region, and particularly to the other six acceding countries in central and eastern Europe. The Center for Higher Education Policy Studies has arranged three workshops for this wider group of 10 countries over the past two years, and hopes that this book will provide further impetus for the broadening and deepening of this dialogue in the crucial years ahead. [Urheber s. Copyright]
Author: File, Jon | Goedegebuure, Leo
Publisher: Centrum voor Studies van het Hoger Onderwijsbeleid | Vysoké Ucení Technické
Year: 2003
ISBN / ISSN / Kat.Nr: 80-214-2384-6
Language: en
Ressource: Einzelne Berichte, Studien
Keyword: vocational training systemEU expansionuniversity level of education
Subject: History of the European Communities. European ideaLevels of educationUniversities. Higher education institutions
Countries Scheme: PolandCzech RepublicHungarySlovenia
Online Ressource: vorübergehend nicht erreichbar!
Bitte beachten Sie die urheberrechtlichen Bedingungen der Dokumentenbenutzung / Please observe the copyright when accessing the document | Quelle / Source: CHEPS (http://www.utwente.nl/cheps/)
Title: Evaluation of Transport Projects in Central and Eastern Europe
Abstract
The report covers the European Investment Bank's (EIB) portfolio of completed transport projects in central and eastern Europe financed between 1990 and 1999, inclusive. During this period, the Bank financed 58 projects for a total disbursed amount of some u00804.9 billion. Of this, approximately 65% went to roads, 27% to railways, 6% to air transport and 2% to ports. The distribution between countries reflected their size, population and economic importance, with most funding going to the Czech Republic, Poland and Romania. All projects contributed significantly to the EU's key transport policy objectives, with a particular focus on infrastructure in urgent need of rehabilitation. Most of the ten projects examined in-depth were completed to specification, largely on time and on budget, with cost overruns of less than 15% of the original estimate. Only two projects suffered from much higher costs than forecast; attributable to a combination of inaccurate unit prices, latent road foundation problems and rampant domestic inflation. There were problems with bureaucratic and administrative delays in establishing guarantees, and procurement: delays of more than one year to the start of construction were not uncommon. The works were generally carried out to a high standard and should have a full working life if properly maintained. However, there are concerns that available funds for maintenance from central government may not be adequate, which would affect the sustainability of seven out of the ten projects. Nine out of the ten projects benefited from technical assistance, which was an EIB funding condition, and which facilitated the implementation of the projects. Five of these promoters, all in the roads sector, still rely on external assistance to implement EIB funded projects. Most of the projects were affected by significant changes in the pattern of transport demand during the transition. However, the Bank's projections were normally closer to the real situation than the promoters'. In terms of overal
Series Title: Evaluation Report
Author (Corp. Body): European Investment Bank
Year: 2003
Language: en
Ressource: Einzelne Berichte, Studien
Keyword: EU expansioninfrastructureEast Central Europeroad networktransportation policy
Subject: History of the European Communities. European ideaEuropean Community funds and financial instruments. EIBTransport networks
Countries Scheme: EASTERN EUROPESOUTHERN EUROPE
Online Ressource: vorübergehend nicht erreichbar!
Bitte beachten Sie die urheberrechtlichen Bedingungen der Dokumentenbenutzung / Please observe the copyright when accessing the document | Quelle / Source: European Investment Bank (http://bei.eu.int/)
Title: Schooling Quality in Eastern Europe
Title (other): Educational Production During Transition
Abstract
The study estimates educational production functions for seven eastern European transition countries, using student-level data for lower secondary education. The analysis several distinctive features. First, the countries can be divided into two groups, which share similar characteristics in their economic development, the properties of their schooling systems and the effects that the various factors have on student test scores. The first group of countries, which includes the Czech Republic, Hungary, Slovakia and Slovenia, commenced the political and economic reforms earlier than the second group and features a higher level of both political and economic development. In the second group, the Baltic States instead remained under tight Russian control until 1991 and suffered great economic damage from this strong link. Romania's political struggles delayed reforms. The findings of this paper carry implications for the potential future development of the transition countries' economies. The students tested have by now reached an age of about 21 and are about to enter the labour market. The measured schooling quality is thus to take effect on the countries' economies in the coming years. Besides the relatively advantageous economic and political situation, the first group of transition countries also presides over well functioning schooling systems. The high development of institutions is visible in the favourable incentive system in schools, where decentralisation has widely progressed and positively affects student scores. Coming entrants into the labour markets are well educated, which should make them competitive to the EU labour market. The quick transformation of the schooling system in the early years of transition despite the financial and political hurdles is a good foundation for economic growth in the coming years. However, the high spread of test scores and the differentiation of students according to their background may result in a higher inequality of income. A higher spread of income might be bene
Author: Ammermüller, Andreas | Heijke, Hans | Wößmann, Ludger
Series Title: Kiel Working Paper; 1154
Publisher: Institut für Weltwirtschaft
Year: 2003
Language: en
Ressource: Einzelne Berichte, Studien
Keyword: level of vocational trainingEU expansionEastern Europeeducational achievement
Subject: History of the European Communities. European ideaLevels of educationNursery schools. Primary schools. Secondary schools
Countries Scheme: EASTERN EUROPE
Online Ressource: vorübergehend nicht erreichbar!
Bitte beachten Sie die urheberrechtlichen Bedingungen der Dokumentenbenutzung / Please observe the copyright when accessing the document | Quelle / Source: Institut für Weltwirtschaft (http://www.uni-kiel.de/ifw/)
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